Shabbat

which drops saliva.  And when it is taught, 'One may take [fodder] from before an animal that is not fastidious', it refers to an ass, which is not particular about what it eats;  'and put [it] before an animal that is fastidious,' to a cow, which is particular about what it eats. MISHNAH. ONE MUST NOT MOVE STRAW [LYING] UPON A BED WITH HIS HAND, YET HE MAY MOVE IT WITH HIS BODY. BUT IF IT IS FODDER FOR ANIMALS, OR A PILLOW OR A SHEET WAS UPON IT BEFORE NIGHTFALL, HE MAY MOVE IT WITH HIS HAND.  ONE MAY UNDO A HOUSEHOLDER'S CLOTHES PRESS,  BUT NOT FORCE IT DOWN.  BUT A LAUNDERER'S [PRESS] MAY NOT BE TOUCHED.  R. JUDAH SAID: IF IT WAS UNDONE BEFORE THE SABBATH, ONE MAY UNFASTEN THE WHOLE AND REMOVE IT. GEMARA. R. Nahman said: A radish, if it is the right way up, it is permitted; if it is reversed, it is forbidden.  R. Adda b. Abba said, The scholars  said, We learnt [a Mishnah] in disagreement with R. Nahman: ONE MUST NOT MOVE STRAW [LYING] UPON A BED WITH HIS HAND, YET HE MAY MOVE IT WITH HIS BODY. BUT IF IT IS FODDER FOR ANIMALS, OR A PILLOW ON A SHEET WAS UPON IT BEFORE NIGHTFALL, HE MAY MOVE IT WITH HIS HAND: this proves, indirect  handling is not designated handling;  this proves it. Rab Judah  said: To crush peppergrains one by one with a knife-handle is permitted; in twos, it is forbidden.  Raba said: Since he does it in a different way,  crushing even many [is permitted] too. Rab Judah also said: If one bathes in water, he should first dry himself  and then ascend, lest he come to carry  four cubits in a karmelith.  If so, when he enters  too, his force propels the water four cubits,  which is forbidden? — They did not prohibit one's force in a karmelith. Abaye — others state, Rab Judah — said: One may scrape off the clay from his foot on to the ground, but not on to a wall. Said Raba, Why not on to a wall? because It looks like building?  but it is ignorant building?  Rather said Raba: He may scrape it off on to a wall but not on to the ground, lest he come to level holes. It was stated, Mar son of Rabina said: Both are forbidden; R. Papa said: Both are permitted. According to Mar son of Rabina, whereon shall he scrape it? He scrapes it on a plank. Raba said: A man should not sit on the top of a stake,  lest an article roll away from him  and he come to fetch it. Raba also said: One must not bend sideways a cask [which is standing] on the ground,  lest he come to level hollows. Raba also said: One must not squeeze a cloth stopper into the mouth of a jug, lest he come to wring [it] out. R. Kahana said: As for the clay [mire] on one's garment, he may rub off from the inside but not from the outside.  An objection is raised: One may scrape off the clay from his shoes with the back of a knife, and that which is on one's garment he may scrape off with [even]  his finger nail, providing that he does not rub it. Surely that means that he must not rub it at all? — No: he must not rub it from the outside but only from the inside. R. Abbahu said in R. Eleazar's name in R. Jannai's name: A new shoe may be scraped, but not an old one.