Shabbat

that is not its [natural] rest. Raba propounded: If a nut [lies] in a vessel, and the vessel floats on water, what [is the law]? Do we regard the nut, and behold it is at rest; or do we regard the vessel, and behold it is not at rest? The question stands over. [In respect to] oil [floating] upon wine, R. Johanan b. Nuri and the Rabbis differ. For we learnt: If oil is floating upon wine, and a tebul yom touches the oil, he disqualifies the oil only. R. Johanan b. Nuri said: Both are attached to each other. Abaye said: If a pit in the street [is] ten deep and eight broad, and  one throws a mat into it, he is culpable; but if he divides it with the mat,  he is not culpable.  Now according to Abaye. who is certain that the mat annuls the partition,  a segment certainly annuls the partition;  but according to R. Johanan to whom a segment is a problem, a mat certainly does not annul the partition. Abaye also said: If a pit in the street, ten deep and four broad, [is] full of water and one throws [an object] therein, he is culpable; [but if it is] full of produce and one throws [an object] therein, he is not culpable. What is the reason? Water does not annul the partition,  [whereas] produce does annul the partition. It was taught likewise: If one throws [an object] from the sea into a street, or from a street into the sea, he is not liable,  R. Simeon said: If there is in the place where he throws [it a separate cavity] ten deep and four broad, he is liable. MISHNAH. IF ONE THROWS [AN ARTICLE] FOUR CUBITS ON TO A WALL ABOVE TEN HANDBREADTHS, IT IS AS THOUGH HE THROWS IT INTO THE AIR; IF BELOW, IT IS AS THOUGH IT THROWS IT ON TO THE GROUND, AND HE WHO THROWS [AN ARTICLE] FOUR CUBITS ALONG THE GROUND  IS CULPABLE. GEMARA. But it does not stay there? — Said R. Johanan: We learnt of a juicy cake of figs. Rab Judah said in Rab's name in the name of R. Hiyya: If one throws [an article] above ten [handbreadths] and it goes and alights in a cavity of any size, we come to a controversy of R. Meir and the Rabbis. According to R. Meir. who holds: We [imaginarily] hollow out to complete it, he is liable; according to the Rabbis who 'maintain, We do not hollow out to complete it, he is not liable.  It was taught likewise: If one throws [an article] above ten and it goes and alights in a cavity of any size, R. Meir declares [him] culpable. whereas the Rabbis exempt [him]. Rab Judah said in Rab's name: If a [sloping] mound attains [a height of] ten [handbreadths] within [a distance of] four,  and one throws [an object] and it alights on top of it, he is culpable. It was taught likewise: If an alley  is level with within but becomes a slope towards the [main] street,  or is level with the [main] street, but becomes a slope within,  that alley requires neither a lath nor a beam.  R. Hanina b. Gamaliel said: If a [sloping] mound attains [a height of] ten [handbreadths] within [a distance of] four, and one throws [an object] and it alights on top of it, he is culpable. MISHNAH. IF ONE THROWS[ [AN OBJECT] WITHIN FOUR CUBITS BUT IT ROLLS BEYOND FOUR CUBITS, HE IS NOT CULPABLE; BEYOND FOUR CUBITS BUT IT ROLLS WITHIN FOUR CUBITS, HE IS CULPABLE. GEMARA. But it did not rest [beyond four cubits]? — Said R. Johanan: Providing it rests [beyond four cubits] on something, whatever its size.  It was taught likewise: If one throws [an article] beyond four cubits, but the wind drives it within, even if it carries it out again, he is not liable; if the wind holds it for a moment,  even if it carries it in again, he is liable. Raba said: [An article brought] within three [handbreadths] must, according to the Rabbis, rest upon something, however small.  Meremar sat and reported this statement. Said Rabina to Meremar: