Shabbat

GEMARA. Why state the number? — Said R. Johanan: [To teach] that if one performs them all in one state of unawareness, he is liable on account of each separately. SOWING AND PLOUGHING. Let us see: ploughing is done first, then let him [the Tanna] state PLOUGHING first and then SOWING? — The Tanna treats of  Palestine, where they first sow and then plough. A Tanna taught: Sowing, pruning, planting, bending,  and grafting are all one labour. What does this inform us? — This: that if one performs many labours of the same nature, he is liable only to one [sacrifice]. R. Abba  said in the name of R. Hiyya b. Ashi in R. Ammi's name: He who prunes is culpable on account of planting, while he who plants, bends [the vine], or grafts is culpable on account of sowing. On account of sowing only but not on account of planting?  — Say: on account of planting too. R. Kahana said: If one prunes and needs the wood [too], he is liable to two [penalties],  one on account of reaping  and one on account of planting.  R. Joseph said: He who cuts hay is liable to two [penalties], one on account of reaping and the other on account of planting.  Abaye said: He who trims beets [in the ground] is liable to two [penalties], one on account of reaping  and one on account of planting. PLOUGHING. A Tanna taught: Ploughing, digging, and trenching are a]l one [form of] work.  R. Shesheth said: If one has a mound [of earth] and removes it, in the house, he is liable on the score of building;  if in the field, he is liable on the score of ploughing. Raba said: If one has a depression and fills it up: if in the house, he is liable on account of building; if in the field, he is liable on account of ploughing. R. Abba said: If one digs a pit on the Sabbath, needing only the earth thereof,  he is not culpable on its account. And even according to R. Judah, who ruled: One is liable on account of a labour which is not required on its own account:  that is only when he effects an improvement, but this man causes damage. REAPING: A Tanna taught: Reaping, vintaging, gathering [dates], collecting [olives], and gathering [figs] are all one [form of] labour. R. Papa said: He who throws a clod of earth at a palm tree and dislodges dates is liable to two [penalties], one on account of detaching  and one on account of stripping.  R. Ashi said: This is not the mode of detaching, nor is it the mode of stripping. BINDING SHEAVES. Raba  said: He who collects salt out of a salina  is liable on the score of binding sheaves.  Abaye said: Binding sheaves applies only to products of the soil. THRESHING. It was taught: Threshing, beating [flax in their stalks], and beating [cotton] are all the same form of work. WINNOWING, SELECTING, GRINDING AND SIFTING. But winnowing, selecting, and sifting are identical?  — Abaye and Raba both said: Whatever was performed in [connection with the erection of] the Tabernacle,