Sanhedrin

Our Rabbis taught: A year may be intercalated on three grounds: on account of the premature state of the corn-crops;  or that of the fruit-trees;  or on account of the lateness of the Tekufah  Any two of these reasons can justify intercalation, but not one alone. All, however, are glad when the state of the spring-crop is one of them.  Rabban Simeon b. Gamaliel says: On account of [the lateness of] the Tekufah. The Schoolmen inquired: Did he mean to say that 'on account of the [lateness of the] Tekufah' [being one of the two reasons], they rejoiced,  or that the lateness of the Tekufah alone was adequate reason for intercalating the year? — The question remains undecided. Our Rabbis taught: [The grain and fruit of the following] three regions [are taken as the standard] for deciding upon the declaration of a leap-year: Judea,  Trans-Jordania,  and Galilee.  The requirements of two of these regions might determine the intercalation, but not those of a single one. All, however, were glad when one of the two was Judea, because the barley for the Omer  was obtained [by preference] in Judea. Our Rabbis taught: The intercalation of a year can be effected [by the Beth din] only in Judea; but if for some reason [it had been decided upon by the Beth din] in Galilee, the decision holds good. Hanania of Oni, however, testified: 'If the intercalation was decided upon in Galilee, it is not valid.' R. Judah the son of R. Simeon b. Pazi asked: What is the reason for the view of Hanania of Oni? — Scripture states, Unto His habitation shall ye seek and thither thou shalt come:  whatever search  you have to make shall be only in the habitation of the Lord. Our Rabbis taught: A leap-year is to be declared only by day, and if it has been declared by night, the declaration is invalid. The sanctification of a month is to be performed by day, and if it has been performed by night it is not valid. R. Abba says: What passage [proves this]? — Blow the horn at the new moon, at the covering  of the moon our feast-day.  Now on which feast is the moon covered? — We must say on the New Year.  And it is thereupon written, For this is a statute for Israel, a judgment  of the God of Jacob: Just as judgment is executed by day,  so also must the sanctification of the month take place by day. Our Rabbis taught: A year is not to be intercalated