Pesachim

from when they form kernels;1 olive trees, from when they blossom;2 and all other trees, from when they bring forth. Now R. Assi said thereon: Boser [half-ripe fruit], girua’ [formation of kernels], and the white bean are identical.3 ‘The white bean can you think so!4 — Rather, say, its size is that of the white bean. Now, whom do you know to maintain that boser is fruit, but not semadar? The Rabbis.5 Yet it is stated, ‘and all other trees, from when they bring forth?’6 — Rather, R. Ilai cut down nishane.7 Our Rabbis taught: One may eat grapes [of the Sabbatical year] until the espalier branches of okel8 are finished. If there are later ones than these, one may eat [in reliance] on them.9 One may eat olives until the last of Tekoa10 is finished. R. Eliezer said: Until the last of Gush-Heleb11 is finished, so that a poor man should go out and not find a quarter12 either on the branches or on the stem. One may eat dried figs until the unripe figs [pagge] of Beth Hini13 are finished. Said R. Judah: The unripe figs of Beth Hini were not mentioned except in connection with tithe, for we learned,14 The unripe figs of Beth Hini and the dates15 of Tobanya16 are subject to tithe.17 ‘One may eat dates until the last in Zoar is finished; R. Simeon b. Gamaliel said: One may eat [in reliance] on those that are among the upper [overarching] branches, but you may not eat [in reliance] on those that are among the single prickly branches.’ But the following contradicts this: One may eat grapes until Passover; olives until Pentecost; dried figs until Hanukkah;18 [and] dates until Purim.19 Now R. Bibi said, R. Johanan transposes the last two!20 — Both are one [the same] limit. Alternatively, surely it is explicitly taught, ‘If there are later ones than these, one may eat [in reliance] on them.’ 21 It was taught, R. Simeon b. Gamaliel said: An indication of mountainous country is [the presence of] millin;22 an indication of valleys is palm trees; an indication of streams is reeds; an indication of lowlands is the sycamore tree. And though there is no proof of the matter, there is an allusion to the matter, for it is said, And the king made silver to be in Jerusalem as stones, and cedars made he to be as the sycamore trees that are in the lowland, for abundance. 23 ‘An indication of mountainous country is [the presence of] millin; an indication of valleys is palm trees.’ The practical difference is in respect of first fruits. For we learned: First fruits are not brought of any save the seven species,24 nor of the palm trees in the highlands nor of the fruits in the valleys.25 ‘An indication of streams is reeds.’ The practical difference is in respect of the rough valley’ [nahal ethan].26 ‘An indication of lowlands is the sycamore tree.’ The practical difference is in respect of buying and selling.27 Now that you have arrived at this, all the [others] too are in respect of buying and selling. MISHNAH. WHERE IT IS THE PRACTICE TO SELL SMALL CATTLE28 TO HEATHENS, ONE MAY SELL; WHERE IT IS THE PRACTICE NOT TO SELL,29 ONE MAY NOT SELL. AND IN ALL PLACES ONE MAY NOT SELL LARGE CATTLE TO THEM, [NOR] CALVES OR FOALS, WHETHER SOUND OR MAIMED.30 R. JUDAH PERMITS IN THE CASE OF A MAIMED [ONE].31 THE SON OF BATHYRA PERMITTED IT IN THE CASE OF A HORSE.32 WHERE IT IS THE CUSTOM TO EAT ROAST [MEAT] ON THE NIGHT OF PASSOVER, ONE MAY EAT[IT]; WHERE IT IS THE CUSTOM NOT TO EAT [IT],33 ONE MAY NOT EAT [IT]. GEMARA. Rab Judah said in Rab's name: A man is forbidden to say, ‘This meat shall be for Passover,’ because it looks as though he is sanctifying his animal and eating sacred flesh without [the Temple]. Said R. Papa: This applies only to meat, but not to wheat, because he means, It is to be guarded [from fermenting] for Passover. But not ‘meat’? An objection is raised: R. Jose said, Thaddeus of Rome34 accustomed the Roman [Jews] to eat helmeted goats35 on the nights of Passover. [Thereupon] they [the Sages] sent [a message] to him: If you were not Thaddeus, we would proclaim the ban against you, because you make Israel eat sacred flesh without [the Temple]. ‘Sacred flesh’ — can you think so?36 — Rather say, vine-yards’ — v. Jud. XI, 33), situate six or seven Roman miles from Philadelphia (Rabbath-Ammon), and as its name implies, famous for its vineyards; v. J.E. s.v. famous for the abundance of its olives, v. Men. 85b. Josephus, Vita, 13; Men. 85b; v. J.E. s.v. Giscala. but are nevertheless fit for eating. latter half of December. occurs in March. the field; thus this conflicts with the previous statement. trees and honey. trees are an indication of valleys, i.e., the best grow in the valleys. His other statements bear a similar meaning. the margin of the valley indicates that this is a fitting place for the purpose. them to be of the best quality, they must be from lowland country. large cattle, as a preventive measure; maimed, likewise as a preventive measure on account of whole animals. possession, and so will not come to sell him others too. forbidden but merely as a shebuth (v. Glos.). XII, 8). Consequently, when the Temple was no more it became the practice to refrain from eating roast meat on the night of Passover, so that it should not appear that a sacrifice was brought without the Temple, which is forbidden. helmet). That is how the Passover sacrifice was roasted, v. infra 74a.