Pesachim

— This can only be compared to the following: If a bird rested upon it [the red heifer], it remains fit;1 but if it copulated with a male, it is unfit. What is the reason? — Said R. Papa: If it were written ‘’abad’2 and we read it ‘abad’, [I would say, it becomes unfit] only if he himself wrought with it. While if ‘’ubad’3 were written and we read it ‘’ubad,’ [it would imply] even if it were of itself.4 Since however, it is written ‘’abad’’ [active], whilst read ‘’ubad’’ [passive]. ‘it was wrought with’ must be similar to ‘he wrought [with it]’:5 just as ‘he wrought [with it]’ must mean that he approved of it, so also ‘it was wrought with’ refers only to what he approved. 6 Come and hear: He may not spread it [viz.,] a lost [raiment]7 upon a couch or a frame for his needs, but he may spread it out upon a couch or a frame in its own interests. If he was visited by guests, he may not spread it over a bed or a frame, whether in its interests or his own!8 — There it is different, because he may the yoke’ (v.2 ). Though this heifer had threshed, it remains fit, because it had been taken into the team to feed, not to thresh. [thereby] destroy it,9 either through an evil eye or through thieves. Come and hear: Clothes merchants sell in their normal fashion, providing that they do10 not intend [to gain protection] from the sun in hot weather11 or from the rain when it is raining;12 but the strictly religious13 sling them on a staff behind their back.14 Now here, though it is possible to do as the strictly religious, yet when he has no intention [of benefiting], it is permitted; this is a refutation of him who learns Raba's first version?15 This is [indeed] a refutation. AND ONE MAY NOT FIRE etc. Our Rabbis taught: If an oven was fired with the shells of ‘orlah’16 or with the stubble of kil'ayim of the vineyard, if new, it must be demolished; if old, it must be allowed to cool.17 If a loaf was baked in it, — Rabbi said: The loaf is forbidden;18 but the Sages maintain: The loaf is permitted.19 If he baked20 it upon the coals, all agree that it is permitted.21 But it was taught: Whether new or old, it must be allowed to cool? — There is no difficulty: one agrees with Rabbi, the other with the Rabbis.22 Granted that you know Rabbi [to rule thus] because the benefit23 of the fuel lies in the loaf; do you know him [to maintain this ruling] where two things produce [the result]?24 — Rather, [reply thus:] There is no difficulty: one is according to R. Eliezer, the other according to the Rabbis. Which [ruling of] R. Eliezer [is alluded to]? Shall we say. R. Eliezer[‘s ruling] On se'or’?25 For we learned: If se'or of hullin and [se'or’] of terumah fall into dough, and neither is sufficient to make [it] leaven, but they combined and made [it] leaven, — R. Eliezer said: I regard26 the last;27 but the Sages maintain: whether the forbidden matter falls in first or the forbidden matter falls in last,it never renders it forbidden (Num. XIX, 2), i.e., it had not been put to service. as its master would have approved. copulation. Similarly, if he takes the heifer into the team and it accidentally threshes, he does not benefit thereby, as the team itself would have sufficed. Therefore it is not made unfit, unless that was his express purpose. — Though one passage refers to the beheaded heifer, while the other deals with the red heifer, it is deduced in Sot. 46a by a gezerah shawah (v. Glos.) that they are alike in law. heathens. Merchants slung their wares across their shoulders for display, and though it is like wearing them, and some protection is afforded thereby, it is permitted. it, and if this was done with the shells of ‘orlah’, the oven must be demolished, since it was made fit with prohibited fuel. But if it had been used before, the only benefit is that it is now hot: hence that benefit must be forfeited by allowing the oven to cool without using its heat. is not identical with the shells themselves. By the same reasoning they reject the ruling that if new, the oven must be destroyed, holding it sufficient that it should be allowed to cool. in existence. Consequently, if he bakes the bread upon them, the bread is not regarded as having benefited directly from them, and even Rabbi admits that it is permitted. bread that is baked will be the product of two things: the forbidden fuel and the permitted fuel. We do not find Rabbi holding that this too is forbidden, and if it is not, there is no need to demolish the oven. terumah, it is forbidden.