Bava Metzia

this ['and'] extends the law of restoration even to less than a perutah's worth. Thus, it applies to hekdesh, but not to hullin!  — But if stated, it was stated thus: R. Kattina said, if the court met for [a claim of] the equivalent of a perutah, they conclude [the hearing] even for less,  [because] at the beginning of a trial a perutah must be involved, but at the end a [claim of a] perutah is unnecessary. MISHNAH. [THE ADDITION OF] A FIFTH [TO THE PRINCIPAL] IS PRESCRIBED IN FIVE CASES: [i] ONE WHO EATS TERUMAH, THE TERUMAH OF THE TITHE,  THE TERUMAH OF THE TITHE OF DEMAI, HALLAH,  AND THE FIRST FRUITS,  MUST ADD A FIFTH;  [ii] HE WHO REDEEMS THE FOURTH YEAR PLANTING  AND HIS OWN SECOND TITHE  ADDS A FIFTH; [iii] HE WHO REDEEMS HIS SACRED OBJECTS  ADDS A FIFTH; [iv] HE WHO BENEFITS FROM HEKDESH TO THE VALUE OF A PERUTAH ADDS A FIFTH;  AND [v] HE WHO ROBS HIS NEIGHBOUR OF A PERUTAH'S WORTH AND SWEARS [FALSELY] TO HIM [CONCERNING IT] MUST ADD A FIFTH. GEMARA. Raba said: The terumah of the tithe of demai presented a difficulty to R. Eleazar: Did then the Sages set up protective measures for their enactments as for those of the Torah?  — Said R. Nahman in Samuel's name: The author of this [Mishnah] is R. Meir, who maintained: The Sages did set up protective measures for their enactments as for those of the Torah. For it has been taught: If one brought a divorce from countries overseas and delivered it to her [the wife] without declaring, 'It was written in my presence and signed in my presence,' he [her next husband] must divorce her [too], and their offspring is a bastard: this is R. Meir's view. But the Sages Say: Their offspring is not a bastard. What then shall he [the messenger] do? He must take it [the divorce] back from her, give it to her again in the presence of two witnesses and declare, 'It was written in my presence and signed in presence.'  But according to R. Meir, [merely] because he did not declare to her, 'It was written in my presence and signed in my presence,' he must divorce her, and the child is a bastard! — Even so: R. Meir is consistent with his view. For R. Hamnuna said on 'Ulla's authority: R. Meir used to say, Whenever one departs from the fixed procedure ordained by the Sages  in case of divorce, he [her next husband] must give a divorce, whilst the offspring is a bastard. R. Shesheth objected: It [sc. the second tithe demai] is redeemed [by exchanging] silver for silver, copper for copper, silver for copper and copper for produce;  then he may redeem the produce: this is R. Meir's opinion. But the Sages say: He must carry the produce to Jerusalem and eat it there.  Now, is it permissible to redeem silver with copper?  Surely we learnt: If a sela' of the second tithe was intermixed with one of hullin,  he brings a sela''s worth of copper coins and declares: 'Wherever the sela' of the second tithe may be, it is redeemed with these coins.' Then he selects the best of them  and redeems them [the copper coins] therewith;