Avodah Zarah

MISHNAH. THE FOLLOWING ARE PROHIBITED AND RENDER PROHIBITED  BY THE SMALLEST QUANTITY: [A CASK OF] YEN NESEK,  AN IDOLATROUS OBJECT,  SKINS OF ANIMALS WHICH HAVE HOLES OVER THE REGION OF THE HEART,  AN OX WHICH HAD BEEN STONED,  AN HEIFER WHOSE NECK WAS BROKEN,  BIRDS BROUGHT AS AN OFFERING BY A LEPER,  THE HAIR-OFFERING OF A NAZIRITE,  THE FIRSTLING OF AN ASS,  FLESH COOKED IN MILK,  THE SCAPEGOAT,  AND NON-CONSECRATED ANIMALS SLAUGHTERED IN THE TEMPLECOURT.  BEHOLD THESE ARE PROHIBITED AND RENDER PROHIBITED BY THE SMALLEST QUANTITY. GEMARA. On what basis does the Tanna make his enumeration? If he enumerates objects which are [customarily] numbered,  then he should include slices of meat from an animal which had not been ritually slaughtered; if they are objects which may not be put to any use, then he should include leaven during Passover! — R. Hiyya b. Abba — another version is, R. Isaac the smith — said: The Tanna enumerates the objects to which both criteria apply, viz., they are customarily numbered and may not be put to any use.  In that case he should include the nuts of Perek and the pomegranates of Baddan  because they are customarily numbered and may not be put to any use! [The compiler of the Mishnah] treated of them elsewhere,  [and he enumerated a list of which he stated:] Those which belong to 'orlah-fruit come within the law of 'orlah, and those which belong to mixed plantings of a vineyard come within the law of mixed plantings of a vineyard. Then he should include the loaves of a householder  with reference to the law of leaven during Passover!  — The teacher whom you have heard expressing this opinion is R. Akiba; and [the compiler of the Mishnah] has already stated there:  R. Akiba adds the loaves of a householder. BEHOLD THESE. What do these words intend to exclude? — To exclude things which are customarily numbered but are not prohibited for all use, or the things which are prohibited for all use but are not customarily numbered.  MISHNAH. IF YEN NESEK FELL INTO A VAT, THE WHOLE OF IT IS PROHIBITED FOR ALL USE. R. SIMEON B. GAMALIEL SAYS: THE WHOLE OF IT MAY BE SOLD TO HEATHENS WITH THE EXCEPTION OF [A QUANTITY CORRESPONDING TO] THE VALUE OF THE YEN NESEK IN IT. GEMARA. Rab said: The halachah agrees with R. Simeon b. Gamaliel when a cask [of yen nesek] has been mixed with other casks, but not when it is a matter of wine [which is nesek becoming mixed with other] wine. Samuel, on the other hand, said: Even when it is wine mixed with wine. Similarly said Rabbah b. Bar Hanah in the name of R. Johanan: Even when it is wine mixed with wine. Similarly said R. Samuel b. Nathan in the name of R. Hanina: Even when it is wine mixed with wine. Similarly said R. Nahman in the name of Rabbah b. Abbuha: Even when it is wine mixed with wine. R. Nahman said: In practice the rule to follow in connection with yen nesek is that when wine is mixed with wine it is prohibited and a cask mixed with casks is permitted;  but with ordinary wine  even when it is a matter of wine being mixed with wine it is permitted.