Avodah Zarah

R. Papa said: If a heathen [was holding] the barrel and an Israelite the cask,  the wine is prohibited. On what ground? — Because [the pouring] results from the effort of the heathen. If, however, an Israelite [was holding] the barrel and a heathen the cask, the wine is permitted; but should [the heathen] tilt it sideways it is prohibited. R. Papa said: If a heathen carries a skin-bottle [of wine] and an Israelite follows behind him,  should it be full it is permitted because [the wine] does not shake,  but should it not be full it is prohibited because there is the possibility of shaking. In the case, however, of a full cask [being so carried],  it is prohibited because he might have touched it, but should it not be full it is permitted because there is less likelihood that he touched it. R. Ashi said: In the case of a skin-bottle, whether full or not, it is permitted. On what ground? — Because such is not the way of rendering wine nesek. [Wine] from a press where beams are used  is permitted  by R. Papi but prohibited by R. Ashi, or according to another version, by R. Shimi b. Ashi. In the case of direct action  there is certainly no difference of opinion that it is prohibited, the difference being over the circumstance where there was indirect action.  Some declare that in the case of indirect action there is certainly no difference of opinion that it is permitted, the difference being over the circumstance where there was direct action. An instance of such indirect action occurred and R. Jacob of Nehar-Pekod  prohibited it. It once happened that a cask