Parallel Talmud
Yevamot — Daf 92a
Babylonian Talmud (Gemara) · Soncino English Talmud
כל קלא דבתר נשואין לא חיישינן מהו דתימא הואיל ואתאי לבי דינא ושרינן כקלא דקמי נשואין דמי ותיתסר קמ"ל:
ניסת ע"פ ב"ד תצא וכו': אמר זעירי ליתא למתני' מדתני בי מדרשא דתני בי מדרשא הורו בית דין ששקעה חמה ולבסוף זרחה אין זו הוראה אלא טעות
ורב נחמן אמר הוראה היא
א"ר נחמן תדע דהוראה היא דבכל התורה כולה עד אחד לא מהימן והכא מהימן מ"ט לאו משום דהוראה היא אמר רבא תדע דטעות הוא דאילו הורו ב'ד בחלב ובדם להיתירא והדר חזו טעמא לאיסורא כי הדרי ואמרי להיתירא לא משגחינן להו
ואילו היכא דאתא עד אחד שרינא אתו תרי אסרנא כי הדר אתא עד אחרינא שרינן לה מ"ט לאו משום דטעות הוא
ואף ר' אליעזר סבר דטעות הוא דתניא ר' אליעזר אומר יקוב הדין את ההר ותביא חטאת שמינה אי אמרת בשלמא דטעות הוא משום הכי מתיא קרבן אלא אי אמרת דהוראה היא אמאי מתיא קרבן
ודלמא קסבר ר' אליעזר יחיד שעשה בהוראת ב"ד חייב א"כ מה יקוב הדין את ההר:
הורוה ב"ד להנשא כו': מאי קלקלה ר' אליעזר אומר זינתה ר' יוחנן אמר אלמנה לכהן גדול גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט
מאן דאמר זינתה כל שכן אלמנה לכהן גדול מאן דאמר אלמנה לכהן גדול אבל זינתה לא מ"ט [דאמרה] אתון הוא דשויתין פנויה
תניא כוותיה דר' יוחנן הורוה ב"ד להנשא והלכה וקלקלה כגון אלמנה לכהן גדול גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט חייבת בקרבן על כל ביאה וביאה דברי ר' אלעזר
וחכ"א קרבן אחד על הכל ומודים חכמים לר' אלעזר שאם נשאת לחמשה בני אדם שחייבת בקרבן על כל אחד ואחד הואיל וגופין מוחלקין:
מתני׳ האשה שהלך בעלה ובנה למדינת הים ובאו ואמרו לה מת בעליך ואח"כ מת בנך ונשאת ואחר כך אמרו לה חילוף היו הדברים תצא והולד ראשון ואחרון ממזר
אמרו לה מת בנך ואח"כ מת בעליך ונתייבמה ואח"כ אמרו לה חילוף היו הדברים תצא והולד ראשון ואחרון ממזר אמרו לה מת בעליך וניסת ואח"כ אמרו לה קיים היה ומת תצא והולד ראשון ממזר והאחרון אינו ממזר
אמרו לה מת בעליך ונתקדשה ואחר כך בא בעלה מותרת לחזור לו אע"פ שנתן לה אחרון גט לא פסלה מן הכהונה את זו דרש רבי אלעזר בן מתיא (ויקרא כא, ז) ואשה גרושה מאישה ולא מאיש שאינו אישה:
גמ׳ מאי ראשון ומאי אחרון אילימא ראשון לפני שמועה ואחרון לאחר שמועה ליתני הולד ממזר
משום דקבעי למיתני סיפא אמרו לה מת בעליך ונשאת ואח"כ א"ל קיים היה ומת הראשון ממזר והאחרון אינו ממזר תנא נמי רישא ראשון ואחרון ממזר
ת"ר זו דברי ר"ע שהיה אומר אין קדושין תופסין בחייבי לאוין אבל חכמים אומרים אין ממזר מיבמה ולימא אין ממזר מחייבי לאוין
האי תנא הך תנא דר"ע הוא דאמר מחייבי לאוין דשאר הוי ממזר מחייבי לאוין גרידי לא הוי ממזר אמר רב יהודה
No regard need be paid to a rumour that originated after marriage! — It might have been assumed that since she was to appear before the Beth din to obtain the authorization [for her marriage]. the rumour is regarded as one [that arose] before marriage and she should in consequence he forbidden, we were, therefore, taught [that even in such circumstances a rumour is disregarded]. IF SHE MARRIED WITH THE AUTHORIZATION OF THE BETH DIN SHE MUST LEAVE etc. Ze'iri said: Our Mishnah cannot be authentic owing to a Baraitha that was recited at the academy. For it was recited at the academy: If the Beth din ruled that the sun had set, and later it appeared, [such a decision] is no ruling but a mere error. R. Nahman. however, stated: [Such an authorization] is [to be regarded as] a ruling. Said R. Nahman: You can have proof that it [is to be regarded as] a ruling. For throughout the Torah a single witness is never believed while in this case he is believed. But why? Obviously because [such an authorization is regarded as] a ruling. Raba said: You can have proof that it is [to be regarded as a mere] error. For were Beth din to issue a ruling in a case of some forbidden fat or blood that it is permitted, and then find a [strong] reason for forbidding it, [their subsequent ruling], should they retract and rule again that it is permitted, would be completely disregarded; whereas here, it should one witness present himself, the woman would be permitted to marry again, and should two witnesses [afterwards] appear the woman would be forbidden to marry again, but should another witness subsequently appear the woman would again be permitted to marry. But why? Obviously because it [is regarded as a mere] error. R. Eliezer also is of the opinion that it is [to be regarded as a mere] error. For it was taught: R. Eliezer said: Let the law pierce through the mountain and let her bring a fat sin-offering. Now, if it be granted that it is [to be treated as] an error one can well see the reason why she is to bring an offering. If, however, it be contended that it is [to be regarded as] a ruling, why should she bring an offering! But is it not possible that R. Eliezer holds the opinion that an individual who committed a sin in reliance on a ruling of the Beth din is liable? — If so, what [could have been meant by] 'Let the law pierce through the mountain'! IF THE BETH DIN DECIDED THAT SHE MAY MARRY AGAIN etc. What is meant by DISGRACED HERSELF? — R. Eliezer replied: She played the harlot. R. Johanan replied: [If being] a widow [she was married] to a High Priest, [or if] a divorcee or a haluzah [she was married] to a common priest. He who stated,'She played the harlot' would, even more so, [subject the woman to a sin-offering. if as] a widow [she was married] to a High Priest. He, however, who stated, '[If being] a widow [she was married] to a High Priest' does not [subject her to a sin-offering if] she played the harlot. What is the reason? — Because she might plead, 'It is you who granted me the status of an unmarried woman'. It was taught in agreement with the opinion of R. Johanan: If Beth din directed that she may be married again. and she went and disgraced herself, so that, for instance, [being] a widow [she was married] to a High Priest.[or being] a divorcee or a haluzah [she was married] to a common priest. she is liable to bring an offering for every single act of cohabitation; so R. Eleazar. But the Sages said: One offering for all. The Sages, however, agree with R. Eleazar that, If she was married to five men, she is liable to bring an offering for every one, since [here it is a case of] separate bodies. MISHNAH. IF A WOMAN WHOSE HUSBAND AND SON WENT TO COUNTRY BEYOND THE SEA WAS TOLD, 'YOUR HUSBAND DIED AND YOUR SON DIED AFTERWARDS', AND SHE MARRIED AGAIN, AND LATER SHE WAS TOLD,' IT WAS OTHERWISE'. SHE MUST DEPART; AND ANY CHILD BORN BEFORE OR AFTER IS A BASTARD. IF SHE WAS TOLD. 'YOUR SON DIED AND YOUR HUSBAND DIED AFTERWARDS', AND SHE CONTRACTED THE LEVIRATE MARRIAGE, AND AFTERWARDS SHE WAS TOLD, 'IT WAS OTHERWISE' SHE MUST DEPART; AND ANY CHILD BORN BEFORE OR AFTER IS A BASTARD. IF SHE WAS TOLD, 'YOUR HUSBAND IS DEAD, AND SHE MARRIED, AND AFTERWARDS SHE WAS TOLD, 'HE WAS ALIVE BUT IS NOW DEAD', SHE MUST DEPART, AND ANY CHILD BORN BEFORE [THE DEATH OF HER FIRST HUSBAND] IS A BASTARD, BUT ONE BORN AFTER IT IS NO BASTARD. IF SHE WAS TOLD, 'YOUR HUSBAND IS DEAD AND SHE WAS BETROTHED, AND AFTERWARDS HER HUSBAND APPEARED, SHE IS PERMITTED TO RETURN TO HIM. ALTHOUGH THE OTHER GAVE HER A LETTER OF DIVORCE HE HAS NOT THEREBY DISQUALIFIED HER FROM MARRYING A PRIEST. THIS R. ELEAZAR B. MATHIA DERIVED BY MEANS OF THE FOLLOWING EXPOSITION: NEITHER [SHALL THEY TAKE] A WOMAN PUT AWAY FROM HER HUSBAND, EXCLUDES ONE PUT AWAY FROM A MAN WHO IS NOT HER HUSBAND. GEMARA. What is meant by BEFORE and what is meant by AFTER? If it be suggested that BEFORE means before the [second] report and that AFTER means after that report, it should have been stated: The child is a bastard! Because it was desired to state in the final clause, IF SHE WAS TOLD, 'YOUR HUSBAND IS DEAD', AND SHE MARRIED, AND AFTERWARDS SHE WAS TOLD, 'HE WAS ALIVE BUT IS NOW DEAD … ANY CHILD BORN BEFORE [THE DEATH OF HER FIRST HUSBAND] IS A BASTARD, BUT ONE BORN AFTER IT IS NO BASTARD, the expressions BORN BEFORE OR AFTER IS A BASTARD were used in the first clause also. Our Rabbis taught: This is the view of R. Akiba who stated: Betrothal with those who are subject [on intercourse] to the penalties of a negative commandment is invalid. The Sages, however, said that [the child] of a sister-in-law is no bastard. Let it be said: The child of a union between those who are subject [on intercourse] to the penalties of a negative precept is no bastard! — This Tanna is the following Tanna of the school of R. Akiba, who stated that [only a child] of a union that is subject to the penalties of a negative precept owing to consanguinity is a bastard, but one born from a union that is subject to the penalties of a mere negative precept is no bastard. Rab Judah stated