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עירובין 29
Soncino English Talmud · Berean Standard Bible
— That [refers to beet] that was only partially cooked. There are [others] who read: R. Hamnuna ruled: No "erub may be prepared from raw beet, for R. Hisda stated: ‘Raw beet kills a healthy man’. Do we not see, however, that people do eat [such beet] and yet do not die? — There [it is ‘case of beet] that was only partly cooked. R. Hisda stated: A dish of beet is beneficial for the heart and good for the eyes and even more so for the bowels. Abaye added: This applies only [to such beet] that remained on the stove until it was thoroughly cooked. Raba [once] said: ‘I am [to-day] in the condition of Ben Azzai in the markets of Tiberias’. Sand one of the younger Rabbis to him, ‘With what quantity of apples [may an ‘erub be prepared]?’ — ‘Is it permissible’, the other replied: ‘to prepare an erub from apples?’ — ‘Is it not [permitted]? Have we not in fact learnt: All kinds of food may be combined [to make up the prescribed quantity] of half of a half loaf in respect of rendering the body unfit, or [to make up the quantity of] food for two meals required for an ‘erub, or the size of an egg in respect of imparting food defilement?’ — Rut what objection is this? If it be contended: Because it was stated: ‘all kinds of food’ and these’ also are eatable, surely [it could be retorted] did not R. Johanan lay down that no inference may be drawn from general rulings even where an exception was been specified? — [The objection] rather is because it was stated: ‘or [to make up the quantity of] food for two meals required for an ‘erub or the size of an egg in respect of imparting food defilement’, and these also are subject to food defilement. Now with what quantity? — R. Nahman replied: In the case of apples it must be a kab. An objection was raised: R. Simeon b. Eliezer ruled: [The poor man's tithe must be of no less a quantity than] an ‘ukla of spices, a pound of vegetables, ten nuts, five peaches, two pomegranates or one ethrog; and Gursak b. Dari stated in the name of R. Menashia b. Shegobli who had it from Rab that [the same quantities were] also [applicable] to an ‘erub. Why then should not apples also be compared to peaches? — The others are valuable but these are not so valuable. ‘May the Lord’, exclaimed R. Joseph, ‘pardon R. Menashia b. Shegobli [this oversight; for] I made that statement in connection with a Mishnah and he applied it to a Baraitha! For we learned: Any poor man [applying] at the threshing floor [must be given] no less than half a kab of wheat, a kab of barley (R. Meir said: Half a kab of barley), a kab and a half of spelt, a kab of dried figs or a maneh of pressed figs (R. Akiba said: A half), half a log of wine (R. Akiba said: One quarter) or a quarter of oil (R. Akiba said: One eighth); and [in respect of] all other kinds of produce, Abba Saul ruled, [The quantities given must consist] of so much [food] as [would enable the recipient to] sell them and buy with their proceeds food for two meals. And [it was in connection with this Mishnah that] Rab stated that ‘[the same quantities were] also [applicable in the case] of an ‘erub’. On what ground, however, is preference given to the one rather than to the other? If it be suggested: Because in the Baraitha spices were mentioned, and spices are not eatables, [it might be retorted:] Are not wheat and barley mentioned in the Mishnah though they also are not eatables? — [The ground] rather is this: Because [in the Mishnah] ‘half a log of wine was mentioned and Rab has land down that an ‘erub may be prepared with two quarters [of a log] of wine’ it may be concluded that when Rab said: ‘And the same quantities were also applicable to an ‘erub’ he must have been referring to this Mishnah. This is conclusive. The Master said: ‘Or [to make up the quantity of] food for two meals required for an ‘erub’. R. Joseph intended to lay down that [no ‘erub may be prepared] unless there is sufficient food of each kind to provide for a complete meal, but Rabbah said to him: Even [if each kind of food consisted only] of a half, a third or a quarter [of a meal]. [To revert to] the main text: ‘Rab has land down that an ‘erub may be prepared with two quarters [of a log] of wine’. But do we require so much? Was it not in fact taught: R. Simeon b. Eleazar ruled: Wine [for an ‘erub must] suffice for soaking in it the bread, vinegar must suffice to dip in it [the meat], and olives and onions must suffice to provide a relish for the bread for two meals? — There [the reference is] to boiled wine. The Master said: ‘Vinegar must suffice to dip in it [the meat]’. Sand R. Giddal in the name of Rab, [It must] suffice to dip in it the food of two meals of vegetables. Others read: R. Giddal said in the name of Rab, [It must suffice to dip in it a quantity of) vegetables consumed in the course of two meals. The Master said: ‘Olives and onions must suffice to provide a relish for bread for two meals’. Is it, however, permitted to prepare all erub from onions? Was it not in fact taught: R. Simeon b. Eleazar stated: R. Meir once spent the Sabbath a’ Ardaska when a certain man appeared before him and said to him, ‘Master, I have prepared an ‘erub’ from onions [to enable me to walk] to Tibe'in’, and R. Meir ordered him to remain within his four cubits? — This is no difficulty, since one ruling deals with the leaves while the other refers to the bulbs. For it was taught: ‘If a man ate an onion and [was found] dead early [on the following morning] there is no need to ask what was the cause of his death’, and in connection with this Samuel stated: This was taught in respect of the leaves only but against [the eating of] the bulbs there call be no objection; and even regarding the leaves this has been said only
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where the onion has not grown [to the length of] a span but where it has grown to that length there can be no objection. R. Papa said: This has been said only where one drank no beer [with them] but where one did drink some beer there can be no danger. Our Rabbis taught: No one should eat onion on account of the poisonous fluid it contains; and it once happened that R. Hanina ate half an onion and half of its poisonous fluid and became so ill that he was on the point of dying. His colleagues, however, begged for heavenly mercy, and he recovered because his contemporaries needed him. R. Zera laid down in the name of Samuel: From beer an ‘erub may be prepared and [if it consists of a quantity] of three log it renders a ritual bath ineffectual. R. Kahana demurred: Is not this obvious? For what [difference is there in this respect] between it and dye-water concerning which we learned: R. Jose ruled: Dye-water of a quantity of three log renders a ritual bath ineffectual? -It may be replied: There [the liquid] is called dye-water but here it is called beer. And with what quantity [of beer] may an erub be prepared? — R. Aha son of R. Joseph proposed to say before R. Joseph: With two quarters of beer, as we learned, ‘If a man carries out wine [he incurs guilt if its quantity was] sufficient for mixing the cup’, and in connection with this it was taught: ‘[It must be] sufficient for mixing a handsome cup . What [is meant by] ‘a handsome cup’? The cup of benediction. And R. Nahman stated in the name of Rabbah b. Abbuha, ‘The cup of benediction must contain a quarter of a quarter, so that when one dilutes it it consists of a quarter;’ this being in agreement with Raba who land down that ‘any wine which cannot stand [an admixture of] three [parts of] water to one [of wine] is no proper wine’. And in the final clause it was stated: And in the case of any other liquids [the prescribed quantity] is a quarter’ and in that of any liquid refuse’ it is also a quarter’.’ Now since there [the quantities prescribed are] four to one so here also [the quantity prescribed should be] four to one. [The ruling,] however, is not so. There the reason is that less than that quantity is of no importance, but here [this does] not [apply, for] it is usual for people to drink one cup in the morning and another in the evening and to rely upon these [as their meals]. With how much dates [may an ‘erub be prepared]? — R. Joseph replied: With one kab. Sand R. Joseph: Whence do I derive this? From what was taught: ‘If a man consumed [unwittingly] dried figs and paid for them with dates, may a blessing come upon him.’ How [is this repayment to] be understood? If it be suggested [to be one] corresponding to the value [of the figs, viz.,] that he ate of the priest's figs the value of one zuz and repays him for it [dates] for a zuz, why [it may be asked] should a blessing come upon him, seeing that he consumed the value of a zuz and repays only the value of a zuz? Must it not then [be concluded that this repayment] corresponded in quantity, [viz.], that he ate a grivah of the priest's dried figs that was worth one zuz and repaid him a qrivah of dates that was worth four zuz, and [because of this] it was stated: ‘May a blessing come upon him’. Thus it clearly follows that dates are more valuable. Said Abaye to him: As a matter of fact the man may have consumed the priest's figs for a zuz and repaid him [dates] for a it and [in reply to your objection,] ‘why should a blessing come upon him?’ Because he consumed from the priest something which is not much in demand and repaid him with something for which there is a big demand. [What quantity is required in the case of] shattitha? — R. Aha b. Phinehas replied: Two ladlesfull. Of roasted ears?- Abaye replied: Two Pumbedithan handfuls. Abaye stated: Nurse told me that roasted ears are beneficial to the heart and they banish morbid thought. Abaye further stated: Nurse told me: If a man suffers from weakness of the heart let him fetch the flesh of the right flank of a male beast and excrements of cattle [cast in the month] of Nisan, and if excrements of cattle are not available let him fetch some willow twigs, and let him roast it, eat it, and after that drink some diluted wine. Rab Judah stated in the name of Samuel: Any relish [must consist of a quantity that is] sufficient to eat with it [a quantity of bread for two meals] but any [foodstuff] that is no relish [must consist of a quantity] sufficient in itself for two meals. Raw meat [also must consist of a quantity] sufficient for two meals.’ As to roasted meat, Rabbah ruled [that it must be] sufficient to eat with it [a quantity of bread required for two meals], and R. Joseph ruled, [It must be] sufficient in itself for two meals. ‘Whence said R. Joseph, ‘do I derive this? [From the practice] of the Persians who eat chunks of roasted meat without bread’. Said Abaye to him: Are the Persians a majority of the world? Was it not in fact taught, The webs of the poor [are susceptible to uncleanness in the case] of the poor and the webs of the rich [are susceptible to uncleanness even in the case] of the rich
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