Parallel Talmud
Bava Kamma — Daf 23b
Babylonian Talmud (Gemara) · Soncino English Talmud
כחצר הניזק דמי דאי כחצר המזיק דמי לימא ליה מאי בעי רפתך בפומא דכלבאי
דאיבעיא להו פי פרה כחצר הניזק דמי או כחצר המזיק דמי
ואי אמרת כחצר המזיק דמי שן דחייב רחמנא היכי משכחת לה
אמר רב מרי בריה דרב כהנא כגון שנתחככה בכותל להנאתה וטנפה פירות להנאתה
מתקיף לה מר זוטרא והא בעינא כאשר יבער הגלל עד תומו וליכא רבינא אמר דשף צלמי רב אשי אמר דפסעי פסועי
ת"ש שיסה בו את הכלב שיסה בו את הנחש פטור מאן פטור משסה פטור וחייב בעל כלב ואי אמרת כחצר המזיק דמי לימא ליה מאי בעי ידך בפומיה דכלבאי
אימא פטור אף משסה ואיבעית אימא דאפקיה לניביה וסרטיה
ת"ש השיך בו את הנחש רבי יהודה מחייב וחכמים פוטרים
ואמר רב אחא בר יעקב כשתימצי לומר לדברי ר' יהודה ארס נחש בין שיניו הוא עומד לפיכך מכיש בסייף ונחש פטור לדברי חכמים ארס נחש מעצמו מקיא לפיכך נחש בסקילה ומכיש פטור
ואי אמרת פי פרה כחצר המזיק דמי לימא ליה מאי בעי ידך בפומא דחיוואי לענין קטלא לא אמרינן
ומנא תימרא דתניא הנכנס לחצר בעל הבית שלא ברשות ונגחו שורו של בעל הבית ומת השור בסקילה ובעלים פטורים מן הכופר
בעלים פטורין מן הכופר מ"ט דאמר ליה ברשותי מאי בעית שורו נמי לימא ליה מאי בעית ברשותי אלא לענין קטלא לא אמרינן
הנהו עיזי דבי תרבו דהוו מפסדי ליה לרב יוסף א"ל לאביי זיל אימא להו למרייהו דליצנעינהו אמר ליה אמאי איזיל דאי אזילנא אמרי לי לגדור מר גדירא בארעיה
ואי גדר שן דחייב רחמנא היכי משכחת לה כשחתרה אי נמי דנפיל גודא בליליא
מכריז רב יוסף ואיתימא רבה דסלקין לעילא ודנחתין לתחתאה הני עיזי דשוקא דמפסדי מתרינן במרייהו תרי ותלתא זמנין אי ציית ציית ואי לא אמרין ליה תיב אמסחתא וקבל זוזך:
מתני׳ איזהו תם ואיזו מועד מועד כל שהעידו בו שלשה ימים ותם משיחזור בו שלשה ימים דברי ר' יהודה רבי מאיר אומר מועד שהעידו בו שלשה פעמים ותם כל שיהו התינוקות ממשמשין בו ואינו נוגח:
גמ׳ מאי טעמא דר' יהודה אמר אביי (שמות כא, לו) תמול חד מתמול תרי שלשום תלתא ולא ישמרנו בעליו אתאן לנגיחה רביעית
רבא אמר תמול מתמול חד שלשום תרי ולא ישמרנו האידנא חייב
ור"מ מ"ט דתניא א"ר מאיר
is still considered [kept in] the plaintiff's premises. For if it is considered to be in the defendant's premises why should not he say to the plaintiff: What is your bread doing in the mouth of my dog? For there had been propounded a problem: Is [the plaintiff's food carried in] the mouth of [the defendant's] cattle considered as kept in the premises of the plaintiff, or as kept in the premises of the defendant? (Now if you maintain that it is considered to be in the defendant's premises, how can Tooth, for which the Divine Law imposes liability, ever have practical application? — R. Mari the son of R. Kahana, however, replied: [It can have application] in the case where [the cattle] scratched against a wall for the sake of gratification [and pushed it down], or where it soiled fruits [by rolling upon them] for the purpose of gratification. But Mar Zutra demurred: Do we not require, As a man taketh away dung till it all be gone, which is not the case here? — Rabina therefore said; [It has application] in the case where [the cattle] rubbed paintings off [the wall]. R. Ashi similarly said: [It may have application] in the case where the cattle trampled on fruits [and spoilt them completely]. ) Come and hear: If he incited a dog against him [i.e. his fellowman], or incited a serpent against him [to do damage], there is exemption. For whom is there exemption? — There is exemption for the inciter, but liability upon the owner of the dog. Now if you contend that [whatever is kept in] the mouth of the defendant's cattle is considered [as kept in] the defendant's premises, why should he not say to the plaintiff: What is your hand doing in the mouth of my dog? — Say, therefore, there is exemption also for the inciter; or if you like, you may say: The damage was done by the dog baring its teeth and wounding the plaintiff. Come and hear: If a man caused another to be bitten by a serpent, R. Judah makes him liable whereas the Sages exempt him. And R. Aha b. Jacob commented: Should you assume that according to R. Judah the poison of a serpent is ready at its fangs, so that the defendant [having committed murder is executed by] the sword, whereas the serpent [being a mere instrument] is left unpunished, then according to the view of the Sages, the poison is spitten out by the serpent of its own free will, so that the serpent [being guilty of slaughter] is stoned, whereas the defendant, who caused it, is exempt. Now if you maintain that [whatever is kept in] the mouth of the defendant's cattle is considered [to be in] the defendant's premises, why should not the owner of the serpent say to the plaintiff: 'What is your hand doing in the mouth of my serpent?' — Regarding [the] killing [of the serpent] we certainly do not argue thus. Whence can you derive [this]? — For it was taught: Where a man enters another's premises without permission and is gored there to death by the owner's ox, the ox is stoned, but the owner is exempted [from paying] kofer [for lost life]. Now 'the owner is exempted [from paying] kofer.' Why? Is it not because he can say, 'What were you doing on my premises?' Why then regarding the ox should not the same argument be put forward [against the victim]: 'What had you to do on my premises?' — Hence, when it is a question of killing [obnoxious beasts] we do not argue thus. The goats of Be Tarbu used to do damage to [the fields of] R. Joseph. He therefore said to Abaye: 'Go and tell their owners that they should keep them indoors.' But Abaye said: 'What will be the use in my going? Even if I do go, they will certainly say to me "Let the master construct a fence round his land."' But if fences must be constructed, what are the cases in which the Divine Law imposed liability for Tooth? — [Perhaps only] when the cattle pulled down the fence and broke in, or when the fence collapsed at night. It was, however, announced by R. Joseph, or, as others say, by Rabbah: 'Let it be known to those that go up from Babylon to Eretz Yisrael as well as to those that come down from Eretz Yisrael to Babylon, that in the case of goats that are kept for the market day but meanwhile do damage, a warning is to be extended twice and thrice to their owners. If they comply with the terms of the warning well and good, but if not, we bid them: "Slaughter your cattle immediately and sit at the butcher's stall to get whatever money you can."' MISHNAH. WHAT IS TAM, AND WHAT IS MU'AD? — [CATTLE BECOME] MU'AD AFTER [THE OWNER HAS] BEEN WARNED FOR THREE DAYS [REGARDING THE ACTS OF GORING], BUT [RETURN TO THE STATE OF] TAM AFTER REFRAINING FROM GORING FOR THREE DAYS; THESE ARE THE WORDS OF R. JUDAH. R. MEIR, HOWEVER, SAYS: [CATTLE BECOME] MU'AD AFTER [THE OWNER HAS] BEEN WARNED THREE TIMES [EVEN ON THE SAME DAY], AND [BECOME AGAIN] TAM WHEN CHILDREN KEEP ON TOUCHING THEM AND NO GORING RESULTS. GEMARA. What is the reason of R. Judah? — Abaye said: [Scripture states, Or, if it be known from yesterday, and the day before yesterday, that he is a goring ox, and yet his owner does not keep him in …]: 'Yesterday', denotes one day; 'from yesterday' — two; and 'the day before yesterday' — three [days]; 'and yet his owner does not keep him in' — refers to the fourth goring. Raba said: 'Yesterday' and 'from yesterday' denote one day; 'the day before yesterday' — two, 'and he [the owner] does not keep him in,' then, [to prevent a third goring,] he is liable [in full]. What then is the reason of R. Meir? — As it was taught: R. Meir said: