AS FOR THE BULLOCK AND THE HE-GOAT OF THE DAY OF ATONEMENT etc. Consider: the north [side of the altar] is written in connection with the burnt-offering, then let him teach [about] the burnt-offering first? — Because this is deduced about the sin-offering by exegesis, he cherishes it more. Then let him teach the outer sin-offerings [first]? — Because the blood of these [which he does enumerate] enters the inner sanctuary, he cherishes it more. Now, where is the north written in connection with the burnt-offering? — And he shall kill it on the side of the altar northward. We have thus found [it of] the flocks; how do we know [it of] the herd? — Scripture saith, And [we] if his offering be of the flock: the waw [and] continues the preceding section, so that the [subject] above may be deduced from [that] below. That is well on the view that you can learn [the subject above from that below]; but on the view that you cannot learn [it thus], what can be said? For it was taught: And if any one sin etc.; this teaches that one is liable to a guilt-offering of suspense on account of doubtful trespass: that is R. Akiba's ruling. But the Sages exempt [him]. Surely then they disagree in this: one master holds that we learn [the subject above from that below], while the other master holds that we do not learn it? — Said R. Papa: All agree that we do learn [thus], but this is the Rabbis’ reason: mizwoth is employed here, and mizwoth is employed in connection with the sin-offering of forbidden fat: as there it means a law whose deliberate infringement entails kareth and its unwitting infringement entails a sin-offering, so here too [it is entailed only by] that whose deliberate infringement entails kareth, while its unwitting infringement involves a sin-offering. And R. Akiba? — As there it is fixed, so here it is fixed, thus excluding the sin-offering for the defilement of the sanctuary and its sacred objects [sacrifices], which is variable. And the Rabbis? — There is no semi gezerah shawah. But R. Akiba too [surely admits that] there is no semi gezerah shawah? — That indeed is so; here, however, they differ in this: R. Akiba holds: ‘And if a soul’ is written, and the waw indicates conjunction with the preceding subject. But [according to] the Rabbis too, surely it is written, And if a soul? Shall we say that they differ in this: one master holds that a hekkesh is stronger; while the other master holds that a gezerah shawah is stronger? — No: all agree that the gezerah shawah is stronger, but the Rabbis can answer you: the subject below is learnt from that above, that the guilt-offering must be [two] silver shekels in value, so that you should not say: Surely the doubt cannot be more stringent than the certainty: as the certainty [of sin] requires a sin-offering [even] a sixth [of a zuz in value], so [for] the doubt a guilt-offering of a sixth [of a zuz] is sufficient. Now, how does R. Akiba know this? — He deduces it from [the text,] And this is the law of the guilt-offering, [which intimates that] there is one law for all guilt-offerings. That is well on the view that ‘law’ can be [so] interpreted; but on the view that ‘law’ cannot be so interpreted, whence does he derive [it]? — He derives [it] from the repetition of ‘according to thy valuation.’ [But] what can be said of the guilt-offering of a maidservant promised in marriage, where according to thy valuation’ is not written? — He derives [it from] the repetition of ‘with the ram.’ How do we know that a sin-offering requires the north? — Because it is written, And he shall kill the sin-offering in the place of the burnt-offering. We have found [it of] slaughtering: how do we know [it of] receiving? Because it is written, And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin-offering. How do we know that the receiver himself [must stand in the north]? The text says, ‘And he shall take’, [which intimates,] he shall [be]take himself [to the place where the blood is received]. We have thus found [it as] a regulation; how do we know that it is indispensable? — Another text is written, And he shall kill it for a sin-offering in the place where they kill the burnt-offering; and it was taught: Where is the burnt-offering slaughtered? in the north: so this too is [slaughtered] in the north.ᵃᵇᶜᵈᵉᶠᵍʰⁱʲᵏˡᵐⁿᵒᵖᵠʳˢᵗᵘᵛʷˣʸᶻᵃᵃᵃᵇᵃᶜᵃᵈᵃᵉᵃᶠᵃᵍᵃʰᵃⁱᵃʲᵃᵏᵃˡ