Yevamot

If the husband pleads  that his wife had miscarried within the ten years.  and she states, 'I had no miscarriage', '  R. Ammi ruled: She is believed in this case also; for if she had really miscarried she would not herself have sought to acquire the reputation of a barren woman. A woman who miscarried, and then miscarried a second, and a third time, is confirmed as one subject to abortions. If he  said, 'She miscarried two'  and she said, 'three'?  — R. Isaac b. Eleazar stated: Such a case was dealt with at the college, and it was ruled that she was to be believed; for if she had not miscarried  she would not herself have sought to acquire the reputation of producing only miscarriages. MISHNAH. A MAN IS COMMANDED CONCERNING THE DUTY OF PROPAGATION BUT NOT A WOMAN. R. JOHANAN B. BEROKA, HOWEVER, SAID: CONCERNING BOTH OF THEM  IT IS SAID, AND GOD BLESSED THEM; AND GOD SAID UNTO THEM: 'BE FRUITFUL, AND MULTIPLY.' GEMARA. Whence is this  deduced? R. Ile'a replied in the name of R. Eleazar son of R. Simeon: Scripture stated, And replenish the earth, and subdue it;  it is the nature of a man to subdue but it is not the nature of a woman to subdue. On the contrary! And subdue it  implies two!  R. Nahman b. Isaac replied: It is written, And thou subdue it. R. Joseph said: Deduction  is made from the following. I am God Almighty, be thou fruitful and multiply,  and it is not stated, 'Be ye fruitful and multiply'. R. Ile'a further stated in the name of R. Eleazar son of R. Simeon: As one is commanded to say that which will be obeyed,  so is one commanded not to say that which will not be obeyed.  R. Abba stated: It  is a duty; for it is said in Scripture, Reprove not a scorner, lest he hate thee; reprove a wise man and he will love thee. R. Ile'a further stated in the name of R. Eleazar son of R. Simeon: One may modify a statement in the interests of peace; for it is said in Scripture, Thy father did command etc. so shall ye say unto Joseph: Forgive, I pray thee now, etc.  R. Nathan said: It  is a commandment; for it is stated in Scripture, And Samuel said: 'How can I go? If Saul hear it, he will kill me', etc. At the School of R. Ishmael it was taught: Great is the cause of peace. Seeing that for its sake even the Holy One, blessed be He, modified a statement; for at first it is written, My lord being old,  while afterwards it is written, And I am old. R. JOHANAN B. BEROKA, HOWEVER, SAID. It was stated: R. Johanan and R. Joshua b. Levi [are at variance]. One stated that the halachah is in agreement with R. Johanan b. Beroka, and the other stated that the halachah is not in agreement with R. Johanan b. Beroka. It may be proved that it was R. Johanan who stated that the halachah is not [in agreement etc.]. For R. Abbahu was once sitting [at the college] and reported in the name of R. Johanan that the halachah [was in agreement etc.], and R. Ammi and R. Assi turned away their faces.  Others say: R. Hiyya b. Abba made the report,  and R. Ammi and R. Assi turned away their faces. Said R. Papa: According to him who maintains that R. Abbahu made the statement  it is easy to understand that it was out of respect for the royal house that they  said nothing to him.  According to him, however, who maintains that R. Hiyya b. Abba made the statement,  they  should have told him that R. Johanan did not say so! Now, what is the decision?  — Come and hear what R. Aha b. Hanina stated in the name of R. Abbahu in the name of R. Assi: Such a case  once came before R. Johanan at the Synagogue of Caesarea, and he decided that the' husband must divorce her and also pay her the amount of her kethubah. Now, if it be suggested that a woman is not subject to the commandment,  how could she have any claim to a kethubah? — It is possible that this was a case where she submitted a special plea; as was the case with a certain woman who once came to R. Ammi and asked him to order the payment of her  kethubah. When he replied, 'Go away, the commandment  does not apply to you',  she exclaimed, 'What shall become of a woman like myself  in her old age!'  'In such a case', the Master said, 'we certainly compel [the husband]'. A woman once came [with a similar plea]  before R. Nahman. When he told her, 'The commandment  does not apply to you', she replied, 'Does not a woman like myself  require a staff in her hand and a hoe for digging her grave'!  'In such a case', the Master said, 'we certainly compel [the husband]', Judah and Hezekiah were twins. The features of the one were developed at the end of nine months, and those of the other were developed at the beginning of the seventh month.  Judith,  the wife of R. Hiyya, having suffered in consequence agonizing pains of childbirth, changed her clothes [on recovery] and appeared  before R. Hiyya. 'Is a woman', she asked, 'commanded to propagate the race'? — 'No', he replied. And relying on this decision,  she drank a sterilizing potion. When her action finally became known, he exclaimed, 'Would that you bore unto me only one more issue of the womb!'  For a Master stated: Judah and Hezekiah were twin brothers and Pazi and Tawi