Temurah

. THERE ARE [LAWS RELATING] TO THE SACRIFICES OF AN INDIVIDUAL WHICH DO NOT APPLY TO CONGREGATIONAL SACRIFICES AND [LAWS RELATING] TO CONGREGATIONAL SACRIFICES WHICH DO NOT APPLY TO THE SACRIFICES OF INDIVIDUALS. FOR SACRIFICES OF AN INDIVIDUAL CAN EFFECT EXCHANGE WHEREAS CONGREGATIONAL SACRIFICES CANNOT EFFECT EXCHANGE; SACRIFICES OF AN INDIVIDUAL CAN BE BOTH MALES AND FEMALES, WHEREAS CONGREGATIONAL SACRIFICES CAN BE ONLY MALES;1 RESPONSIBILITY REMAINS2 FOR THE SACRIFICES OF INDIVIDUALS3 AND4 THEIR DRINK-OFFERINGS, WHEREAS RESPONSIBILITY DOES NOT REMAIN FOR CONGREGATIONAL SACRIFICES NOR FOR THEIR DRINK-OFFERINGS, ALTHOUGH RESPONSIBILITY REMAINS FOR THEIR DRINK-OFFERINGS WHEN THE SACRIFICE IS OFFERED UP.5 THERE ARE [LAWS RELATING] TO CONGREGATIONAL SACRIFICES WHICH DO NOT APPLY TO THE SACRIFICES OF INDIVIDUALS, FOR CONGREGATIONAL SACRIFICES SUPERSEDE THE SABBATH AND [THE LAWS] OF RITUAL UNCLEANNESS6 WHEREAS SACRIFICES OF INDIVIDUALS DO NOT SUPERSEDE EITHER THE SABBATH OR [THE LAWS] OF RITUAL UNCLEANNESS. SAID R. MEIR: BUT ARE THERE NOT THE CASES OF THE OFFERING OF THE BAKED CAKES OF A HIGH PRIEST7 AND THE BULLOCK FOR THE DAY OF ATONEMENT8 WHICH ARE SACRIFICES OF INDIVIDUALS AND YET SUPERSEDE THE SABBATH AND [THE LAWS] OF RITUAL UNCLEANNESS? THE MATTER THEREFORE DEPENDS ON [WHETHER] THE TIME [FOR THE OFFERING UP] IS FIXED.9 GEMARA. SACRIFICES OF AN INDIVIDUAL CAN EFFECT EXCHANGE etc. But is this a general rule? Is there not the case of birds which are a sacrifice of an individual and yet they do not effect exchange? — [The Mishnah]10 speaks only of animals. But is there not the case of the offspring of a dedicated animal which is a sacrifice of an individual and yet does not effect exchange? — This view represents the opinion of R. Judah who says: The offspring of a dedicated animal effects exchange. But is there not the case of a substitute itself which is a sacrifice of an individual and a substitute cannot effect an exchange?11 — [The Mishnah] only refers to the principal sacrifice.12 And now that you have arrived at this explanation,13 you can even say that [the Mishnah] will be in agreement with the opinion of the Rabbis,14 for [the Mishnah] only refers to the principal sacrifice.15 SACRIFICES OF AN INDIVIDUAL CAN BE BOTH MALES AND FEMALES. But is this a general rule?16 Is there not the case of a burnt-offering which is a sacrifice of an individual and can only be a male and not a female? — There is the case of the burnt-offering of a bird,17 for it has been taught: Unblemished condition and male sex [for purposes of sacrifice] are required only of cattle but unblemished condition and male sex are not required of birds. But is there not the case of a sin-offering which is a sacrifice of an individual and is a female-and not a male? — There is the goat offered by a prince, which is a male. But is there not the case of a guilt-offering which is a sacrifice of an individual and is a male and not a female?18 — We19 mean [in the Mishnah]20 a sacrifice which can be brought equally by an individual and a congregation,21 whereas a guilt-offering can be brought only by an individual but not by a congregation. And if you prefer [another solution] I may say: Does the Mishnah say [there are laws which relate] to all sacrifices? It says [there are laws which relate] to sacrifices.22 And what are these? peace-offerings; and [it tells us] that if one wishes to bring a female [animal] one may do so and if one wishes to bring a male [animal] one may do so. RESPONSIBILITY REMAINS FOR SACRIFICES OF AN INDIVIDUAL etc. Whence is this proved?23 — For our Rabbis have taught: [Scripture says:] Everything upon his day. 24 this teaches us that the additional offerings may be [offered up] all day.25 The text, ‘upon his day’ teaches us that if the day passed and he did not offer them, he is not responsible for them.26 One might think that one is not responsible for their drink-offerings although he offered up the sacrifice? The text, however, states: And their meal-offering and their drink-offerings,27 [their meal-offerings and drink-offerings]28 even by night and their meal-offerings and drink-offerings even on the morrow.29 Resh Lakish says: [We derive this] from here: Scripture says, Beside the Sabbaths of the Lord.30 And both [texts]31 are necessary. For if the Divine Law had Only written: ‘Besides the Sabbaths of the Lord’, I might have thought that the drink-offerings may be only offered by day32 but not by night. Therefore Scripture says: ‘And their meal-offering and their drink-offerings’ — And if the Divine Law had written only. ‘Their meal-offering and their drink-offerings’ and had not written. ‘Besides the Sabbaths of the Lord’, I might have thought that the drink-offerings are only offered by night33 and not by day.34 But wherein lies the difference?35 — Because in respect of dedication, the night follows the day.36 Therefore [both texts] are necessary. But are drink-offerings offered by night? Surely it has been taught: I can only infer from the text37 that such things as it is customary to offer up by night, e.g., limbs, fat-pieces, are [brought to the altar, burnt]38 with the setting of the sun and consumed all through the night. Things, however, which it is customary to offer by day, e.g., the fistful of the meal-offering, frankincense and drink-offerings, whence do I know that he may bring them to the altar and burn them with the setting of the sun. ‘With the setting of the sun’ say you? Did you not just say things which it is customary to offer by day?39 — Say therefore: Before the setting of the sun. — Whence do we derive that these can be consumed all through the night? The text states: This is the law of the burnt-offering;40 this implies something additional.41 Now in any case the above passage mentions ‘the drink-offerings’ as something which is offered by day?42 — Said Rami b. Hama: There is no difficulty; here,43 the reference is to dedication,44 and there,45 to offering.46 Said Raba to him: If [the drink-offerings] indeed can become dedicated47 [by night] they can be offered [by night]. For it has been taught: ‘This is the general rule: Whatsoever is offered by day is rendered holy only by day; whatsoever is offered by night is rendered holy only by night; whatsoever is offered both by day and night is rendered holy by day and night’! Rather said R. Joseph: Delete ‘drink-offerings’ [from the Baraitha above].48 When R. Dimi went up [from Babylon to Palestine] he found R. Jeremiah sitting and lecturing in the name of R. Joshua b. Levi: Whence do we deduce that drink-offerings which accompany a sacrifice49 can only be offered by day? The text states: And for your drink-offerings and for your peace-offerings;50 and we say: Just as peace-offerings [are offered] by day, so drink-offerings [are offered] by day. He [R. Dimi] said: If I could have found [a messenger]51 I would have written a letter and sent it to R. Joseph [in Babylon] also do not bring peace-offerings, save lambs on Pentecost and these are males. Also their sin-offerings are he-goats. e.g., the sacrifice of a leper after the eighth day from his cleanliness, or that of a woman after childbirth. In the case, however, of congregational sacrifices which have appointed times, if their time has passed the sacrifices are void. brought within a period of ten days. Men. 50b. congregation, but whether there exists a set time for the particular sacrifice. Mishnah. well as females. when however an individual brings it, it can come both from males and females. some reason. Scripture uses the plural ‘their drink-offerings’, thus intimating that drink-offerings may be offered at other times as well (R. Gershom). and drink-offerings everything upon his day, ‘and this is followed by the words, Beside the Sabbaths etc. And we adopt here the interpretation based on textual proximity as follows: Drink-offerings etc. everything upon his day, besides etc., i.e., besides those Sabbaths followed by a Festival where it was forgotten to offer the drink-offerings on the Sabbath, for then they can be offered on the following day on the Festival. drink-offerings of the Sabbath can be offered up on the following day on the Festival. following day, seeing that Scripture makes no distinction? (Lev. VII, 15). We therefore see that all the night is still called ‘day’ in respect of dedication. one can place it on the altar with the setting of the sun and it goes on burning all the night. again.