Temurah

Three fields1 and two furrows’ length.2 How much is a furrow's length? A hundred cubits, as it has been taught:3 He who ploughs a grave creates a beth ha-peras4 the length of a furrow. And how much is the length of a furrow? A hundred cubits. [THE SEPARATION OF] TERUMAH CANNOT BE REPEATED etc. Our Mishnah is the opinion of R. Akiba. For we have learnt: If partners separated terumah one after the other, R. Eliezer says: The terumah of both of them is valid;5 whereas R. Akiba says: The terumah of both of them is not valid.6 The Sages however say: If the first of the partners separated terumah according to the right quantity,7 then the terumah of the second one is not valid. But if the first one did not separate terumah according to the right quantity,8 then the terumah of the second [partner] is valid.9 AN EXCHANGE CANNOT BE USED TO EFFECT ANOTHER EXCHANGE etc. What is the reason? Since Scripture says: ‘And the exchange thereof’,10 implying, but not the exchange of an exchange. THE OFFSPRING OF A DEDICATED ANIMAL CANNOT EFFECT AN EXCHANGE. Since Scripture says: ‘It’10 implying, it can effect exchange but not the offspring of a dedicated animal. R. JUDAH SAYS: THE OFFSPRING OF A DEDICATED ANIMAL EFFECTS AN EXCHANGE. For Scripture says: Shall be,10 thus including the offspring of a dedicated animal. And the Rabbis?11 [The object of the text is] to include [an exchange] in error as [possessing the same validity as a] deliberate [exchange].12 MISHNAH. BIRDS AND MEAL-OFFERINGS DO NOT EFFECT EXCHANGE,13 SINCE [THE LAW OF] EXCHANGE ONLY APPLIES TO AN ANIMAL.14 A CONGREGATION OR PARTNERS CANNOT EFFECT EXCHANGE, SINCE IT SAYS: HE SHALL NOT ALTER IT NOR CHANGE IT,15 THUS IMPLYING16 THAT AN INDIVIDUAL CAN EFFECT EXCHANGE BUT A CONGREGATION OR PARTNERS CANNOT EFFECT EXCHANGE. ONE CANNOT EFFECT EXCHANGE WITH [OBJECTS]17 DEDICATED FOR TEMPLE REPAIRS.18 SAID R. SIMEON:19 NOW IS NOT TITHE20 [ALREADY] IMPLIED?21 FOR WHAT PURPOSE THEN IS TITHE SPECIALLY MENTIONED?22 IT IS IN ORDER TO MAKE A COMPARISON WITH IT AND TO TEACH US THAT JUST AS TITHE IS A PRIVATE OFFERING, [SO ALL EXCHANGE OF DEDICATIONS MUST BE A PRIVATE OFFERING] THUS EXCLUDING CONGREGATIONAL OFFERINGS.23 AND JUST AS TITHE IS A DEDICATION FOR THE ALTAR, [SO EXCHANGES CAN BE EFFECTED ONLY WITH DEDICATIONS FOR THE ALTAR] THUS EXCLUDING OFFERINGS DEDICATED FOR TEMPLE REPAIRS. GEMARA. Our Rabbis have taught: One might think that one can effect exchange with dedications for Temple repairs? The text however says: Korban24 [offering] implying that [exchange only applies] to what is called korban, thus excluding dedications for Temple repairs which are not called korban. And are not [dedications for Temple repairs called korban]? Has it not been taught:25 If26 you interpret the word korban, I can understand it as including even dedications for Temple repairs27 which are called korban, since it says: And we have brought the Lord's offering etc.?28 The text however states: And bringeth it not unto the door of the tent of meeting.29 [We therefore say as follows:] In respect of anything which comes to the door of the tent of meeting, one is guilty [of the transgression] of slaughtering dedicated animals without the Temple court, but in respect of anything which does not come to the door of the tent of meeting, one is not guilty [of the transgression] of slaughtering dedicated animals without the Temple court.30 Consequently we see that [dedications for Temple repairs], are called korban!31 — Said R. Hanina: This offers no difficulty. This32 is the opinion of R. Simeon and that33 is the opinion of the [Rabbis].34 According to R. Simeon, dedications for Temple repairs are called korban and according to the Rabbis they are not called korban. And are not [dedications for Temple repairs called it korban]? Surely it is written: And we have brought the Lord's korban [offering]?35 — [Dedications for Temple repairs] are called the Lord's offering, but they are not called an offering for the Lord.36 Our Rabbis have taught: He shall not search whether it be good or bad.37 Now why is this mentioned?38 Has not Scripture already said: He shall not alter it nor change it, a good for a bad or a bad for a good, etc.?39 Because it says: ‘He shall not alter it nor change it’, implying either a private offering or a congregational offering, either a dedication for the altar or a dedication for Temple repairs, and [that which is brought obligatorily].40 [In order to avoid this interpretation] Scripture says: ‘He shall not search’.41 Said R. Simeon: Now was not tithe implied? And for what purpose was tithe specially mentioned? In order to teach you that just as tithe42 is a private offering, a dedication for the altar, something which comes obligatorily and something which does not come through a partnership, so all [animals exchanged] must be a private offering, a dedication for the altar, something which comes obligatorily other side, i.e., either east and west or north and south, as it is not customary to plough on all the four sides of a field but only east and west or north and south. south are only unclean to the extent of two furrows’ length. For the Rabbis have estimated that this is the distance the plough in the field is capable of moving the bones into another field. the tithing of his partner. Therefore the tithing of the first partner was not with the consent and approval of the second partner. The same applies to the tithing of the second. whether the terumah was given generously by the first partner or otherwise, must be the view of R. Akiba. one, the exchange is valid, unlike the case of dedication, where if one intended to dedicate a black animal and he dedicated in error a white one, the dedication is not valid. described as korban. exclude dedications for Temple repairs from the law of exchange. that there is no penalty of excision incurred for slaughtering hullin in the Temple court. The passage then continues: If you etc. for Temple repairs. Our Mishnah will therefore be entirely the opinion of R. Simeon and the reason why dedications for Temple repairs do not effect exchange will not be because of the word korban but as R. Simeon explains subsequently in the Mishnah. effect exchange. compare all other exchanges to animal tithe, as R. Simeon explains.