Sukkah

they only differ with regard to the opinion of Rab. Abaye agrees with Rab, while Raba can say that Rab ruled then only in that case,1 since the partitions2 are made for the exedra, but in the case here,3 since they are not made for this purpose [he would] not [rule thus].4 We have learnt: SIMILARLY IN THE CASE OF A COURTYARD WHICH IS SURROUNDED WITH AN EXEDRA.5 But why?6 Should it not rather be assumed that the edge of the roof descends and fills in [the space]?7 — Raba explained according to Abaye that this is a case where one made the beams level.8 In Sura9 they taught these statements10 in the above form. In Pumbeditha11 they taught [them as follows]: If a man placed a Sukkah-covering over an exedra which has no door-frames, it is invalid according to all.12 If it has door-frames.13 Abaye declares it valid, while Raba declares it invalid. Abaye declares it valid, since we apply the law of labud,14 Raba declares it invalid, since we do not apply the law of labud;15 but the law is according to the former version.16 R. Ashi found R. Kahana placing a Sukkah-covering over an exedra which had no door-frames.17 He said to him, Does not the Master hold the opinion which Raba stated, that if it has door-frames it is valid, but if it has no door-frames it is invalid? — He showed him [that a door-frame] was visible within though level on the outside, or visible from without, though level from within,18 for it has been stated, ‘If it19 is visible from without and level from within,20 it is regarded as a valid side-post’,21 and a side-post is in this respect like door-frames. A Tanna taught: Laths projecting from a Sukkah are regarded as the Sukkah.22 What is meant by ‘laths projecting from a Sukkah’? — ‘Ulla replied, Sticks23 projecting beyond the back24 of the Sukkah. But do we not need three walls?25 — [This refers to a case] where there were [three walls]. But do we not need the size26 prescribed as a minimum for the validity of a Sukkah? — [This refers to a case] where there was [the size prescribed as a minimum for the validity of a Sukkah]. But do we not need that the shade should exceed the sun? — [This refers to] where there was [more shade than sun]. If so,27 what need was there to state it? — One might have said that since they28 were made for the inside but not for the outside it29 is not [valid], therefore he informs us [that it is valid]. Rabbah and R. Joseph both stated: This30 refers to sticks projecting in front of a Sukkah31 one wall of which continues with them. As one might have said that it does not contain the prescribed minimum for the validity of a Sukkah,32 therefore he informs us [that it is valid].33 Rabbah b. Bar Hana said in the name of R. Johanan, This30 is necessary only in the case of a Sukkah, most of which has more shade than sun, while a minor part of it has more sun than shade. As one might have said that this small portion34 invalidates it, therefore he informs us [that it does not]. What then is meant by ‘going out’?35 [It means] going out from the validity of a Sukkah. R. Oshaia said, This30 is necessary only in the case of a small Sukkah36 which has invalid Sukkah-covering to an extent of less than three [handbreadths]; and what is meant by ‘going out’?37 Going out from the laws applicable to a Sukkah.38 R. Hoshiah demurred: Let it39 be regarded as no better than air space, does then air space of less than three [handbreadths] invalidate a small40 Sukkah?41 — R. Abba answered him, [The difference is that] in the former case39 it combines [with the rest of the Sukkah] and it is permitted to sleep under it;42 in the latter case43 it does not combine and it is forbidden to sleep under it. But is there anything which itself is invalid and yet combines [with another thing to become valid]? — R. Isaac b. Eliashib answered, Yes! the Sukkah is invalid. within the Sukkah, but on a level with it. established a college at Pumbeditha. regarded as forming a wall for that space. an outside space also. assumed to descend downwards only when it is to serve its inner space. even the minimum of a handbreadth to constitute a fictitious wall. extended outside the Sukkah, being visible only from without, thus: (see drawing left) a =Sukkah wall; b = roof of exedra; c =wall of exedra; d = projection of exedra wall forming door-frame. Thus: (see drawing right) a = side-post. need not be longer (han one handbreadth. obvious?