Shabbat

why are a perfume brazier and sulphur permitted? — There it lies upon the earth.  What of a tank [for brewing beer], a lamp, a pot and a spit-why do Beth Shammai permit [them]? — Because their ownership is renounced. Who is the author of the following, which our Rabbis taught: A woman must not fill a pot with pounded wheat  and lupines and place it in the oven on the eve of the Sabbath shortly before nightfall; and if she does put them [there], they are forbidden at the conclusion of the Sabbath for as long as they take to prepare.  Similarly, a baker must not fill a barrel of water and place it in the oven on the eve of the Sabbath shortly before nightfall; and if he does, it [the water] is forbidden at the conclusion of the Sabbath for as long as it takes to prepare [boil]. Shall we say that this agrees with Beth Shammai, not Beth Hillel?  — You may even say that it is Beth Hillel: it is a preventive measure, lest he stir the coals. If so, let us decree [likewise] in respect of a perfume brazier and sulphur? — There he will not stir them] for if he does, the smoke will enter and harm them.  Let us decree in respect of wet bundles of flax too? — There, since a draught is injurious to them, he will not uncover it.  Let us decree also in respect of wool in the dye kettle? — Samuel answered: This refers to a kettle removed [from the fire]. But let us fear that he may stir within it? — This refers to [a kettle] removed from [the fire] and sealed down. And now that the Master said: 'It is a preventive measure, lest one rake the coals', a raw dish  may be placed in an oven on the eve of Sabbath shortly before nightfall. What is the reason? Since it will not be fit for the evening,  he withdraws his mind from it and will not come to rake the coals.  Again, if it is [quite] boiled, it is well.  If partly boiled,  it is forbidden. Yet if a raw bone is thrown into it, it is permitted. And now that the Master said, 'Whatever may be harmed by the draught, one will not uncover it': with flesh of a kid, where it [the oven] is daubed round,  it is well;  with [flesh] of a buck, where it [the oven] is not daubed round, is forbidden. But as to [flesh] of a kid, where it is not daubed round, or of a buck, where it is daubed round: R. Ashi permits it, while R. Jeremiah of Difti  forbids it. Now, according to R. Ashi, who permits it, did we not learn, Meat, onion[s] or egg[s] may not be roasted unless they can be roasted before sunset? — There the reference is to [flesh] of a buck, and where it [the oven] is not daubed round. Others state: With [the flesh] of a kid, whether it [the oven] is daubed round or not, it is well; of a buck too, if it is daubed round, it is well. They differ in respect to [flesh] of a buck, it [the oven] not being daubed: R. Ashi permits it, while R. Jeremiah of Difti forbids it. Now, according to R. Ashi who permits it, did we not learn, Meat, onion[s] or egg[s] may not be roasted unless they can be roasted before sunset? — There the reference is to meat on the coals [direct].  Rabina said: As for a raw gourd, it is well:  since a draught is injurious to it, it is like flesh of a kid. BETH SHAMMAI MAINTAIN: ONE MUST NOT SELL [etc.]. Our Rabbis taught: Beth Shammai maintain: A man must not sell an article to a Gentile, nor lend [it] to him nor loan him [money] nor make him a gift [on the eve of Sabbath], unless he can reach his house [before sunset]; while Beth Hillel rule: [unless] he can reach the house nearest the [city] wall.  R. Akiba said: [Unless] he can depart from the door of his [the Jew's] house [before the Sabbath]. Said R. Jose son of R. Judah: The words of R. Akiba are the very words of Beth Hillel:  R. Akiba comes only to explain the words of Beth Hillel. Our Rabbis taught: Beth Shammai maintain: A man must not sell his leaven to a Gentile, unless he knows that it will be consumed before Passover: this is Beth Shammai's view. But Beth Hillel say: As long as he [the Jew] may eat it, he may sell it. R. Judah said: