Shabbat

But since this was first enacted, why was the other too needed? — Rather the latter was first decreed, and then it was enacted in respect of all hands. 'And a tebul yom.' But the law of tebul yom is Biblical, for it is written, and when the sun is down, he shall be clean; [and afterwards he shall eat of the holy things,  i.e., terumah]? — Delete tebul yom from here. 'And food which was defiled through liquid'. Through liquid of which [uncleanness]?  Shall we say, through liquid which was defiled by a [dead] reptile:  then its law is Biblical,  for it is written, and all drink that may be drunk [in every such vessel shall be unclean]?  _ Rather it means through liquid defiled by the hands, and it is a preventive measure on account of liquid defiled by a reptile. 'And vessels which were defiled by liquid'. Vessels which were defiled by liquid of which [uncleanness]?  Shall we say, By the liquid of a zab? But that is Biblical, for it is written, and if the zab spit upon him that is clean; [then he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water],  [meaning] what is in the clean man's hand have I declared unclean unto thee!  Rather it refers to liquid defiled by a reptile, and it is a preventive measure on account of the fluid of a zab. 'And the hands'. Did then the disciples of Shammai and Hillel  decree this: [Surely] Shammai and Hillel [themselves] decreed it! For it was taught, Jose b. Jo'ezer of Zeredah  and Jose b. Johanan of Jerusalem  decreed uncleanness in respect of the country of the heathens and glassware.  Simeon b. Shetah instituted the woman's marriage settlement  and imposed uncleanness upon metal utensils.  Shammai and Hillel decreed uncleanness for the hands. And should you answer, [It means] Shammai and his band and Hillel and his band [of scholars];  surely Rab Judah said in Samuel's name: They enacted eighteen measures, and they differed on eighteen measures,  whereas Hillel and Shammai differed only in three places; for R. Huna said, in three places they differed, and no more! And should you answer, They [Hillel and Shammai] came and decreed that it be suspended,  while their disciples came and decreed that it be burnt:  surely Ilia said: The original decree concerning hands was for burning? — Rather, they [Hillel and Shammai] came and decreed it, yet it was not accepted from them; then their disciples came and decreed, and it was accepted from them. But still, Solomon decreed it? For Raba Judah said in Samuel's name, When Solomon instituted 'erubin  and the washing of the hands, a Heavenly Echo came forth and declared, 'My son, if thine heart be wise; My heart shall be glad, even mine';  and 'My son, be wise, and make my heart glad, That I may answer him that reproacheth me'?