Soncino English Talmud
Pesachim
Daf 39a
MISHNAH. AND THESE ARE THE HERBS WITH WHICH A MAN DISCHARGES HIS OBLIGATION ON PASSOVER:1 WITH LETTUCE [HAZARETH]. WITH T A M K A,2 WITH H A R H A B I N A,3 WITH ENDIVES [‘ULSHIN] AND WITH MAROR.4 THE LAW IS COMPLIED WITH BY [EATING THEM] BOTH MOIST [FRESH] AND DRY, BUT NOT PRESERVED [IN VINEGAR], NOR STEWED NOR BOILED.5 AND THEY COMBINE TO THE SIZE OF AN OLIVE.6 AND YOU CAN DISCHARGE [YOUR OBLIGATION] WITH THEIR STALK[S]. AND WITH DEMAI, AND WITH FIRST TITHE THE TERUMAH OF WHICH HAS BEEN SEPARATED, AND WITH HEKDESH AND SECOND TITHE WHICH HAVE BEEN REDEEMED.7 GEMARA. H A Z E R E T H is hassa [lettuce]; ‘U L S H I N is hindebi [endives]. TAMKA: Rabbah b. Bar Hanah said: It is called temakta.8 H A R H A B I N A: R. Simeon b. Lakish said: [It is] the creeper of the palm tree. AND WITH MAROR: merirta.9 Bar Kappara taught: These are the herbs with which a man discharges his obligation on Passover: with endives, with tamka, with harhallin,10 with harhabinin,11 and with lettuce. R. Judah said: Also with wild [field] endives and with garden endives and with lettuce. ‘Garden endives and lettuce’: but that is taught in the first section?12 — This is what he says: Wild endives too are like garden endives and lettuce. R. Meir said: Also with ‘aswaws, and tura and mar yero'ar.13 Said R. Jose to him: ‘Aswaws and tura are one; and mar is yero'ar.14 The School of Samuel taught: These are the herbs with which a man discharges his obligation on Passover: With lettuce, with endives, with tamka, with harhabinin, with harginin,15 and with hardofannim.16 R. Judah said: Hazereth yolin [thistles] and willow lettuce too are like them. R. Judah said in R. Eliezer's name: ‘Arkablin too,17 but I went about to all his [sc. R. Eliezer's] disciples and sought a companion18 but did not find one, but when I came before R. Eleazar b. Jacob he agreed with my words. R Judah said: Whatever [plant which] contains an acrid [pungent] sap. R. Johanan b. Berokah said: Any [plant] the leaves of which look faded [bleached]. Others say: Every bitter herb contains an acrid sap and its leaves are faded. R. Johanan said: From the words of all of them we may learn [that every] bitter herb contains an acrid sap and its leaves are faded.19 R. Huna said: The halachah is as the ‘Others’. Rabina found R. Aha son of Raba going in search of merirta. Said he to him, What is [in] your mind: that it is more bitter? But we learned H A Z E R E T H; and the School of Samuel taught, Hazereth; while R. Oshaia said: The obligation is properly [fulfilled with] hazereth. And Raba said: What is hazereth? Hassa. What does hassa [symbolize]? That the Merciful One had pity [has] upon us. Further, R. Samuel b. Nahman said in R. Jonathan's name: Why were the Egyptians compared to maror?20 To teach you: just as this maror, the beginning of which is soft while its end is hard,21 so were the Egyptians: their beginning was soft [mild]. but their end was hard [cruel]!22 — Then I retract, he replied. R. Rehumi said to Abaye: How do you know that this ‘maror’23 means a kind of herb; say that it is the gall of Kufia?24 — It is like unleavened bread:25 just as unleavened bread is a product of the earth,so "maror’ means a product of the earth.Then say it is hirduf?26 -It is like unleavened bread:25 just as unleavened bread is a species of plant, so ‘maror’ means a species of plant. Then say it is harzipu?27 — It must be like unleavened bread: just as unleavened bread is that which can be bought with second tithe money, so maror’ is that which can be bought with second tithe money.28 Rabbah son of R.Hanin said to Abaye: Say that maror means one [herb]?29 — Merorim [plural] is written. Then say that merorim means two? — It is like unleavened bread: just as unleavened bread [can be of] many species.30 so [can] maror [be of] many species. Rabbah son of R.Huna said in Rab's name: [Regarding] the herbs whereof the Sages ruled that a man can discharge his duty with them on Passover, they all may be sown in one garden bed. Is this to say that they are not [forbidden] on account of kil'ayim?31 Raba objected: [Lettuce] and willow lettuce, [garden] endives and wild endives, [garden] leeks and wild leeks, [garden] coriander and wild coriander, mustard and Egyptian mustard [and] the Egyptian gourd and the bitter gourd, — all these are not kil'ayim with one another.32 [Thus] only lettuce with willow lettuce, but not lettuce with endives?33 And should you answer, They are all taught together, surely Rab said: He teaches them in pairs? What did Rab mean by ‘they are sown’? They are sown according to their law.34 [You say], ‘According to their law’! but we [already) learned it: by Rabina, to show that merirta was not preferable. there are normal victuals. space must be left between the separate species.
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