פסחים 28:1 — Soncino English Talmud

R. Judah argued again [with] another argument: Nothar is subject to ‘ye shall let nothing of it remain,’ and leaven is subject to ‘ye shall let nothing of it remain’: just as nothar [is disposed of] by burning, so is leaven [disposed of] by burning. Said they to him, Let the guilt-offering of suspense and the sin-offering of a bird which is brought for a doubt, on your view, prove it: for they are subject to ‘ye shall let nothing of it remain,’ and we maintain that they require burning, while you say [it is disposed of] by burial. [Thereupon] R. Judah was silent. Said R. Joseph: Thus people say, The ladle which the artisan hollowed out, in it [his tongue] shall be burnt with mustard. Abaye said: When the maker of the stocks sits in his own stock, he is paid with the clue which his own hand wound. Raba said: When the arrow maker is slain by his own arrows, he is paid with the clue which his own hand wound. BUT THE SAGES MAINTAIN: HE CRUMBLES AND THROWS IT etc. The scholars asked: How is it meant: He crumbles and throws it to the wind, or he crumbles and throws it into the sea; or perhaps, he crumbles and throws it to the wind, but he may throw it into the sea whole [without crumbling]? And we learned similarly in connection with an idol too: R. Jose said: He crushes and throws it to the wind or casts it into the sea. And the scholars asked: How is it meant: He crushes and throws it to the wind, or he crushes and casts it into the sea; or perhaps, he crushes and throws it to the wind, but he may cast it into the sea whole [without crushing?]—Said Rabbah: It is logical that an idol, which goes into the Dead Sea, need not be crushed; leaven, which goes into other streams, needs crumbling. Said R. Joseph to him, On the contrary, the logic is the reverse: An idol, which does not dissolve, needs crushing; leaven, which dissolves, does not need crumbling. It was taught in accordance with Rabbah; it was taught in accordance with R. Joseph. It was taught in accordance with Rabbah: If he was walking in a wilderness, he crumbles it [the leaven] and casts it to the wind; if he was travelling in a ship, he crumbles it and casts it into the sea. It was taught in accordance with R. Joseph: If he was travelling in the desert, he crushes [the idol] and throws it to the wind; if he was travelling in a ship, he crushes and casts it into the sea. [The teaching requiring] ‘crushing’ is a difficulty according to Rabbah, [while the teaching requiring] ‘crumbling’ is a difficulty according to R. Jose? ‘Crushing’ is not a difficulty according to Rabbah: one means into the Dead Sea, the other means into other waters. ‘Crumbling’ is not a difficulty according to R. Joseph: One refers to wheat [grains], the other refers to bread. MISHNAH. LEAVEN BELONGING TO A GENTILE OVER WHICH PASSOVER HAS PASSED IS PERMITTED FOR USE; BUT THAT OF AN ISRAELITE IS FORBIDDEN FOR USE, BECAUSE IT IS SAID, NEITHER SHALL THERE BE LEAVEN SEEN WITH THEE. GEMARA. Who is [the authority of] our Mishnah: it is neither R. Judah nor R. Simeon nor R. Jose the Galilean. What is this [allusion]? — For it was taught: [As to] leaven, both before its time and after its time, he transgresses a negative command on its account; during its time, he transgresses a negative command and [commits a sin subject to] kareth.17^ᵃ^ᵇ^ᶜ^ᵈ^ᵉ^ᶠ^ᵍ^ʰ^ⁱ^ʲ^ᵏ^ˡ^ᵐ^ⁿ^ᵒ^ᵖ^ᵠ

^ᵃnote:Ex. XII, 10.
^ᵇnote:Since leaven must not be seen or found in the house after midday on the fourteenth of Nisan, it may obviously not remain there until then.
^ᶜnote:I.e., doubt. When a man is in doubt whether he has committed a transgression for which, if certain, a sin-offering is due, he brings a guilt-offering of suspense.
^ᵈnote:E.g., when a woman miscarries, and it is not known whether the fetus was viable or not.
^ᵉnote:V. Tem. 34a. The Rabbis hold that this bird sin-offering must be burnt, while R. Judah maintains that it is cast into a waterduct which carries it off.
^ᶠnote:In common with all sacrifices.
^ᵍnote:This refers to the guilt-offering of suspense.
^ʰnote:Or, from it he shall swallow mustard.
^ⁱnote:Jast. Rashi, he is paid by the uplifting— i.e., the work —of his own hand.
^ʲnote:For the Dead Sea is unnavigable; hence none will pick it up.
^ᵏnote:That leaven requires ‘crumbling’.
^ˡnote:That an idol requires ‘crushing’.
^ᵐnote:The idol need not be crushed before it is thrown thither.
^ⁿnote:Which had turned leaven. These must be crumbled, i.e., scattered into the sea. But they may not be tied in a sack and thrown into the sea, lest someone finds the sack.
^ᵒnote:I.e., it had been kept over Passover.
^ᵖnote:Ex. XIII, 7.
^ᵠnote:During its (forbidden) time means during Passover. Before its time, from six hours (mid-day) on the fourteenth of Nisan until evening, when Passover commences; after its time, after Passover — i.e., leaven which was kept from before until after Passover. He transgresses by eating it.