Eruvin

If an exedra1 that had side-posts2 was covered with boughs,3 it4 is valid as a sukkah;5 but if its side-posts had been straightened,6 it would have been invalid, would it not?’7 ‘According to my view, Abaye replied: ‘it8 is still valid,9 while according to your view it is a case of the removal of’ partitions’.10 Said Rabbah b. R. Hanan11 to Abaye: Do we not find elsewhere that a partition may be the cause of a prohibition? Was it not in fact taught: If a house was half covered with a roof while its other half was uncovered, it is permissible to sow12 in the uncovered part13 though vines grew in the covered part;14 but if all the house had been equally covered with a roof15 would not this have been forbidden?16 — There, the other replied: It is a case of the removal of partitions. 17 Raba sent to Abaye by the hand of R. Shemaiah b. Ze'ira [the following message]: ‘Do we not find a partition to be the cause of a prohibition? Was it not in fact taught: partitions in a vineyard may be either the cause of a relaxation of the law18 or one of a restriction of it. In what manner? If the plantation of a vineyard stretched to the ‘very foundation of a fence one may sow from the very foundations of that19 fence and beyond it; whereas in the absence of a partition one may sow only at a distance of four cubits;20 and this is an example of a partition in a vineyard that is the cause of a legal relaxation. In what manner are they a cause of legal restriction? If a vineyard was removed eleven cubits from a wall no seed may be sown in the intervening space;21 whereas in the absence of a wall one may sow at a distance of four cubits;20 and this is an example of a partition in a vineyard that is the cause of a legal restriction?’16 — ‘According to your view, however, the other replied: ‘might you not raise an objection against me from a Mishnah, since we learned: A patch in a vineyard, Beth Shammai ruled, must measure no less than twenty-four cubits, and Beth Hillel ruled: Sixteen cubits; and the width of an uncultivated border of a vineyard, Beth Shammai ruled, must measure no less than sixteen cubits, and Beth Hillel ruled: Twelve cubits. And what is meant by a patch in a vineyard? The barren portion of the interior of the vineyard.22 If its sides do not measure sixteen cubits no seed may be sown there, but if they do measure sixteen cubits, sufficient space for the tillage of the vineyard is allowed and the remaining space may be sown. What is meant by the uncultivated border of a vineyard? The space between the actual vineyard and the surrounding fence. If the width is less than twelve cubits no seed may be sown there, but if it measures twelve cubits, sufficient space for the tillage of the vineyard is allowed and the remaining area may be sown’?23 Consequently24 it must be assumed that the reason there25 is26 that all the space to the extent of four cubits that adjoins the vineyard is allotted for the tillage of the vineyard, and a similar space that adjoins the wall, since it cannot be sown,27 is renounced28 so that the area intervening,29 if it measures four cubits,30 is deemed to be of sufficient importance, but not otherwise.31 Rab Judah said: If three karpafs32 adjoined one another, and the two outer ones had projections33 while the middle one had none34 and one man occupied each,35 the group36 is treated as a caravan who are allowed as much space as they require.37 If the middle one had projections38 while the two outer ones had none39 and one man occupied each, the three men together40 are allowed no more space41 than six [beth se'ah].42 The question was raised: What is the ruling where one person occupied each of the outer karpafs and two occupied the middle one?43 Is it held that if these44 were to go45 to the one karpaf46 there would be in it three47 and if they44 were to go to the other karpaf46 there would be in it three47 , or is it rather held that only one of them48 is deemed to be going to each karpaf?49 And were you to find Some ground for the assumption that only one of them50 is deemed to be going to each karpaf,51 the question arises: What is the decision where two persons occupied each of the outer karpafs52 and only one occupied the middle one? Is it certain that the view is here: If he53 were to go to the one karpaf54 there would be in it three55 and if he were to go to the other karpaf54 there would be in it three,55 or is the view rather that it is doubtful in which direction he would go?56 The law is that in these questions the more lenient rule is adopted. R. Hisda said: walls (cf. infra 95a) so that the added walls do not effect any prohibition. and uncovered sections of the house. cubits no seed may be sown there’ proves that a partition may be the cause of a restriction,. Why then did not Raba raise his objection on the basis of this ruling that has the authority of a Mishnah and is much superior to that of a Baraitha on which his objection is based? Baraitha which may be similarly explained. reeds fixed in the ground vertically. projections formed a sort of frame the space between which is regarded as a doorway to it. in the middle one and who may, therefore, be deemed to be joint occupiers with him of that karpaf. doorways opening towards them, now has the influence over the others, in consequence of which the latter cannot be treated as the o~cupiers off his karpaf to form with him a joint group of three (the minimum required to constitute a caravan), while he himself, despite his influence Pn the two3 can only be regarded as the occuoier of the one or the other of the outer karpafs soòthat no more thanh‚wo men (a number less than the minimum required for a caravan) ever occupy an]8one of the karpafs. restrictedL but if the middle one is bigger than wo beth se'ah the use of all the three ka¾pafs is reétricted since each of the two side ones is now fu‘ly exposed on one of its sides to the restricted õomain of the middle k?rpaf it& projections on either side of each, is deemed to be provided with a doorway and to have influence overã£hem. (4ƒ) Lit., ‘to here’, to one of t[e side karpafs that were each occupied by one man. require. Ýime. (53¸ the occupant of the midd·e karpaf. ce iu is uncertašn which karpaf he would use the siz© of both remains re stricted to two beth se'ah.