Eruvin

This1 was learnt only in the case where no joint ‘erub was prepared, but if a joint ‘erub was prepared they are permitted.2 But why are they not permitted where they did not prepare a joint ‘erub? — R. Ashi replied: As a preventive measure against the possibility of their carrying out water3 in utensils from their houses to the trough.4 MISHNAH. ALL THE ROOFS OF A TOWN5 CONSTITUTE6 A SINGLE DOMAIN,7 PROVIDED NO ROOF IS TEN HANDBREADTHS HIGHER OR LOWER THAN THE NEIGHBOURING ROOF;8 SO R. MEIR. THE SAGES, HOWEVER, RULED: EACH ONE IS A SEPARATE DOMAIN.9 R. SIMEON RULED: ROOFS, COURTYARDS AND KARPAFS10 ARE11 EQUALLY REGARDED AS ONE DOMAIN12 IN RESPECT OF CARRYING FROM ONE INTO THE OTHER OBJECTS THAT WERE KEPT WITHIN THEM WHEN THE SABBATH BEGAN, BUT NOT IN RESPECT OF OBJECTS THAT WERE IN THE HOUSE WHEN THE SABBATH BEGAN.13 GEMARA. Abaye b. Abin and R. Hanina14 b. Abin sat at their studies while Abaye was sitting beside them, and in the course of the session they remarked: One can well justify the view of the Rabbis15 since they may hold the view that as the tenants are divided below16 so are they divided above;17 but as to R. Meir, what could his view be? If he holds that the tenants are divided above18 as they are divided below,19 why should the roofs CONSTITUTE A SINGLE DOMAIN? And if he holds that they are not divided above18 because all places above ten handbreadths20 are regarded as a single domain, why21 should not this22 also apply to a roof that was TEN HAND BREADTHS HIGHER OR LOWER? ‘You have not heard’, Abaye said to them, ‘the following statement made by R. Isaac b. Abdimi: R. Meir always maintained that wherever you find two domains of the same character23 [one within the other] as, for instance, a column ten handbreadths high and four handbreadths wide24 in a private domain,25 it is forbidden26 to re-arrange loads on the former,27 as a preventive measure against a similar act in the case of a mound28 in a public domain.29 Here,30 too, it may be explained, a preventive measure was enacted against a similar act31 in the case of a mound28 in a public domain’. They understood him to imply that the same restriction31 applies also to a mortar or a tank,32 but Abaye said to them, ‘Thus said the Master: R. Meir spoke only of a column and an enclosure of millstones, since their owner assigns for them a permanent Position,33 But is there not the case of34 a wall between two courtyards, which is a permanent fixture, and yet Rab Judah stated: ‘A careful study would show that,35 according to the view of It. Meir, roofs36 are regarded as a separate domain,37 courtyards as a separate domain,38 and karpafs as a separate domain’39 which40 implies, does it not,41 that it is permissible to move objects across a wall?42 — R. Huna b. Judah citing R. Shesheth replied: No, the implication43 is that it is permitted to carry objects in and to carry them out by way of the doors.44 THE SAGES, HOWEVER, RULED: EACH ONE IS A SEPARATE DOMAIN. It was stated: Rab ruled: Objects in it45 may be moved only within four cubits,46 and Samuel ruled: It is permitted to move objects throughout its area.47 Where the partitions are distinguish able48 there is no divergence of opinion;49 the dispute is limited to the case of partitions that are indistinguishable.50 Rab maintains that, ‘Objects in it may be moved only within four cubits’ because [in such circumstances]50 he does not uphold the principle of the upward extension of the walls; while Samuel ruled: ‘It is permitted to move objects throughout its area’, because [even in such circumstances] he upholds the principle of the upward extension of the walls. We learned: THE SAGES, HOWEVER, RULED: EACH ONE [ no objects may be moved on the Sabbath from the one into the other. other is forbidden. courtyard had jointly prepared, they may not be carried into a neighbouring courtyard unless the two courtyards too had been joined in one ‘erub. column in a public domain for the same purpose. was ten handbreadths higher or lower than the other. move objects from one of these classes into any of the other. mound in a public domain is it likely, as Abaye maintained, that the provision against such a possibility was R. Meir's reason for his ruling in our Mishnah. since it is forbidden to move any objects between them, impose restrictions upon each other. around the roofs in agreement with Samuel's view.