render invalid the waters of purification except the dove, because it sucks up the water. Now if it were [as you say], it should read ‘Except the dove and the tasil’? — R. Zera answered: The latter sucks up the water and spits it back, whereas the former sucks up without spitting. Rab Judah said: Zuzinian doves are fit for the altar; and they are identical with the doves of Rehabah. An objection was raised. [We have learnt:] Hyssop, but not Greek hyssop, nor Kohalith hyssop, nor Roman hyssop, nor wild hyssop, nor any kind of hyssop which bears a special name! — Abaye said: Everything which prior to the giving of the Torah had various names, and we find that the Torah is particular about it, then those kinds that bear a special name are invalid. These doves, however, did not have various names prior to the giving of the Torah, Raba said: These Zuzinian doves are called simply [‘doves’] in their locality. Rab Judah said: Karze which are found among the rushes are permitted, but those found among cabbages are forbidden. Rabina added: And we scourge [him that eats them] for [eating] winged creeping things. Rab Judah further said: Zarda is permitted but barda is forbidden; and in order to remember this think of the expression, ‘Keep aloof [bar] from it’. As to marda there is a doubt. R. Assi said: There are eight birds regarding which there is a doubt, viz., Huba, huga, suga, harnuga, tushlami, marda, kohilna, and bar nappaka. What is the doubt about them? — [It is this]. One of the characteristics of clean birds is that the gizzard can be peeled, and one of the characteristics of unclean birds is that the gizzard cannot be peeled, but in the case of these [eight] the gizzard can only be peeled with a knife. But was there not a case of a duck belonging to Mar Samuel, the gizzard of which could not be peeled, so it was left in the sun, and as soon as it became soft it peeled easily? — In that case as soon as it became soft it peeled easily with the hand, but here even after it has been softened it can only be peeled with a knife. Abaye said: The moor-cock is one of the eight cases of doubt, for it is the mardu. R. Papa said: The moor-cock is forbidden but the moor-hen is permitted, and in order to remember this think of the rule, ‘An Ammonite [is debarred] but not an Ammonitess’. Meremar stated in an exposition: The moor-hen is forbidden because it was seen to seize prey and eat it, and this is girutha. Rab said: Shabur androfata is permitted, piruz androfata is forbidden; and to remember this think of ‘the wicked piruz’. R. Huna said: Bunia is permitted, parwa is forbidden, and to remember this think of ‘Parwa the magician’. R. Papa said: The mardu which stands erect and eats is permitted, that which bends down and eats is forbidden, and to remember this think of the verse: Thou shalt bow down to no other god. Samuel said: The ‘wine drinker’ is forbidden, and to remember this think of the law ‘Those that have drunk wine are unfit for service’. Samuel further said: The ‘wine mixer’ is forbidden,ᵃᵇᶜᵈᵉᶠᵍʰⁱʲᵏˡᵐⁿᵒᵖᵠʳˢᵗᵘᵛʷˣʸᶻᵃᵃᵃᵇᵃᶜ