Chullin

which implies, as the eagle is peculiar in that it has neither an extra toe nor a crop, its gizzard cannot be peeled, it seizes prey and eats it, and is unclean, so all that have the like characteristics are unclean.1 [It is also written,] Turtle doves,2 which implies, as the turtle dove has an extra toe and a crop, its gizzard can be peeled, it does not seize prey and eat it, and is clean, so all that have the like characteristics are clean!3 — Abaye answered: They were not expressly stated in the Torah but were inferred by the Scribes. R. Hiyya taught: A bird that has one characteristic [of cleanness] only, is clean,4 since it obviously is not of the same species as the eagle; for you may not eat the eagle as it has no characteristics [of cleanness], but whatsoever has one characteristic you may eat. But let us rather infer [the rule]5 from turtle doves thus: As turtle doves have the four [characteristics of cleanness], so all birds must have the four [characteristics]! — If so, why does the Divine Law specify all the other Unclean birds?6 But let us infer it7 from these [unclean birds specified in the Torah] thus: As these have three [characteristics of cleanness] and yet we may not eat them, so we may not eat all birds that have three [characteristics], (and a fortiori if it has but two [characteristics] or only one [characteristic of cleanness])!8 — If so, why does the Divine Law specify the raven?9 Surely if we may not eat those that have three [characteristics of cleanness] it goes without saying [that we may not eat] those that have only two [characteristics]! characteristic of cleanness is clean, provided it is not one of the other species of unclean birds specified in the Torah. implicit in the Torah, thus contradicting our Mishnah which declares that the characteristics of birds are not stated in the Torah. unclean birds specified in the Torah. certainly be unclean. For the specific two characteristics v. Tosaf. infra 62a, s.v. hbpn.