Chullin

can convey uncleanness by reason of an issue’. Now if there was any ground to fear [that the passage through the womb might cause] a lesion of the internal organs, then [surely he should not convey such uncleanness, for] the rule of the verse should be applied here: Out of his flesh,1 but not by reason of an accident!2 — It may be dealing there with the case of a child that was extracted from the side of his mother.3 Come and hear: A calf that was born on a festival may be slaughtered [the same day] on the festival!4 — Here, too, we must suppose that it was extracted from the side. Come and hear: ‘But they agree5 that if the firstling was born [on the festival] with a blemish, it is of the class of things designated for food’. Now should you say that this too was extracted from the side, [this cannot be since] a firstling extracted from the side has no sanctity! For R. Johanan has stated. R. Simeon admits6 that with regard to consecrated animals it [sc. an animal extracted from the side] has no sanctity whatsoever! — We must suppose in this case7 that it planted its hoofs on the ground.8 R. Nahman further said: In the slaughter-house9 we do not apprehend any lesion of the internal organs. An ox once fell and the noise of its groaning was heard. [When it was slaughtered] R. Isaac b. Samuel b. Martha came and bought of the choicest portions of its meat. Thereupon the Rabbis asked him, Whence do you know this?10 — He replied. Thus said Rab, The animal [whilst falling] plants its hoofs firmly [on the ground] until it actually reaches the ground. Rab Judah said in the name of Rab: If the animal [after a fall] stood up, it need not be kept alive for twenty-four hours, but it certainly must be examined [against an internal injury].11 If it actually walked, there is no need for any examination. R. Hiyya b. Ashi said: In either case it must be examined. R. Jeremiah b. Aba said in the name of Rab, If it stretched out its fore-leg to stand, even though it did not stand, [it is as though it had stood]; or if it moved its hind leg to walk, even though it did not walk, [it is as though it had walked]. R. Hisda said: If it made an effort to stand, even though it did not stand, [it is as though it had stood]. The law is: If it accidentally fell from the roof and stood up but did not walk, it must be examined [against an internal injury], but it need not be kept alive for twenty-four hours; if it walked, it needs no examination.12 Amemar said in the name of R. Dimi of Nehardea: The examination of which the Rabbis have spoken in the case of a fall must be carried out in the region of the intestines.13 Mar Zutra said to him, We rule on the authority of R. Papa that an examination must be carried out on all the internal organs. Huna Mar the grandson of R. Nehemiah enquired of R. Ashi, What about the organs of the throat? — He replied. These organs are unaffected 14 by a fall. Rab Judah said in the name of Samuel: Where a bird was thrown with force upon water it is sufficient if it swam the length of its body.15 This is so, however, only if it swam upstream,16 but if it swam downstream,17 clearly the current of the water carried it along. If the waters were still then it matters not.18 And if twigs were strewn upon the water and the bird overtook them,19 then it has obviously overtaken them [by moving of its own accord]. If a sheet was stretched taut [and a bird fell down upon it], we must apprehend an injury to the internal organs; if it was not stretched taut, we do not apprehend an injury. Likewise if the sheet was folded double,20 [even though it was stretched taut] we do not apprehend any injury. [If a bird was caught in its flight] by a closely knotted net, we must apprehend an injury to the internal organs; if it was not closely knotted, we do not apprehend any injury. [If a bird fell] on flax21 tied up in bundles, we must apprehend an injury; on the sides of the bundles we do not apprehend any injury. On bundles of reeds, we must apprehend an Injury. On flax which was pounded and corded, we do not apprehend any injury; on flax which was pounded but not corded, we must apprehend an injury. On flax stalks which contain seed vessels, we must apprehend an injury because of the knots. On coarse tow, we must apprehend an injury; on fine tow, we do not apprehend any injury. On dried bark, we must apprehend an injury; but on crushed bark, we do not apprehend any injury. On sifted ashes, we must apprehend an injury;22 but on unsifted ashes, we do not apprehend any injury. normally results from an issue. Now if there is any apprehension that a child, whilst passing through the womb, might suffer an injury, he should not then convey uncleanness by reason of his issue, for it might have been caused by an accidental injury in birth. the Festival, v. supra 14a. There is evidently no apprehension whatsoever of an internal injury caused during calving. it belongs now to that class of food designated for the festival, agree in this case, where the firstling was born with a blemish on the festival, that it may be slaughtered and eaten on the festival, because it was never at any moment of its life forbidden. been extracted from the side of its mother by means of an operation is to be regarded as a child ‘born’, entailing all those conditions of uncleanness upon the mother as stated in Lev. XII, or not. They are, however, in agreement with regard to consecrated animals, that an animal so extracted has no sanctity whatsoever, for it is expressly prohibited as a sacrifice by the interpretation of Lev. XXII. 27; v. supra 38b. also the ribs and the intestines, must be examined for any injury. it may be slaughtered immediately sustain internal injuries, but if the pile is soft or loose, the bird would not sustain any injuries.