Chullin

— No, for you might say that if his wife had given birth to a child it would be known to all,1 he therefore teaches us [that the slaughtering in this case is invalid] for it is possible that she had a miscarriage.2 C H A P T E R I I I3 MISHNAH. THE FOLLOWING [DEFECTS]4 RENDER CATTLE TREFAH: [I] IF THE GULLET WAS PIERCED;5 [II] OR THE WINDPIPE SEVERED; [III] IF THE MEMBRANE OF THE BRAIN WAS PIERCED; [IV] IF THE HEART WAS PIERCED AS FAR AS THE CAVITY THEREOF; [V] IF THE SPINE WAS BROKEN AND THE CORD SEVERED;6 [VI] IF THE LIVER WAS GONE AND NAUGHT REMAINED; [VII] IF THE LUNG WAS PIERCED, [VIII] OR WAS DEFICIENT (R. SIMEON SAYS, PROVIDED IT WAS PIERCED AS FAR AS THE MAIN BRONCHI); [IX] IF THE ABOMASUM,7 [X] OR THE GALL-BLADDER, [XI] OR THE INTESTINES WERE PIERCED; [XII] IF THE INNER8 RUMEN7 WAS PIERCED, [XIII] OR THE GREATER PART OF THE OUTER8 COVERING TORN (R. JUDAH SAYS, IN A LARGE ANIMAL IF IT WAS TORN TO THE EXTENT OF A HANDBREADTH, AND IN A SMALL ANIMAL IF THE GREATER PART OF IT WAS TORN); [XIX] IF THE OMASUM7 [XV] OR RETICULUM7 WAS PIERCED ON THE OUTSIDE;9 [XVI] IF THE ANIMAL FELL FROM THE ROOF; [XVII] IF MOST OF ITS RIBS WERE FRACTURED; [XVIII] OR IF IT WAS CLAWED10 BY A WOLF (R. JUDAH SAYS, SMALL CATTLE [ARE TREFAH] IF CLAWED BY A WOLF, LARGE CATTLE IF CLAWED BY A LION; SMALL FOWL IF CLAWED BY A HAWK, LARGE FOWL IF CLAWED BY A FALCON).11 THIS IS THE RULE: IF AN ANIMAL WITH A SIMILAR DEFECT COULD NOT CONTINUE TO LIVE,12 IT IS TREFAH. GEMARA. R. Simeon b. Lakish said: Where do we find in the Torah an allusion to trefah? — Where [you ask]? Is it not written: Ye shall not eat flesh that is torn of beasts [trefah] in the field?13 The question was: Where do we find in the Torah the view that a trefah animal cannot continue to live? For from the last clause of the Mishnah, THIS IS THE RULE: IF AN ANIMAL WITH A SIMILAR DEFECT COULD NOT CONTINUE TO LIVE, IT IS TREFAH, it follows that a trefah animal cannot continue to live. Where then do we find it in the Torah? — It is written: These are the living things which ye may eat,14 that is, that which can continue to live15 you may eat, but that which cannot continue to live you may not eat; hence a trefah animal cannot continue to live.16 And as to the one who holds the view that a trefah animal can continue to live, [it will be asked]: where do we find this view indicated [in the Torah]? — It is indicated in the verse: These are the living things which ye may eat, for it means, these living things you may eat but other living things you may not eat; hence a trefah animal can continue to live. And for what purpose does the first teacher use the word ‘these’? — He requires it for the following exposition of a Tanna of the school of R. Ishmael. For a Tanna of the school of R. Ishmael expounded: The verse: These are the living things which ye may eat, indicates that the Holy One, blessed be He, took hold of one of each species of animal, showed it to Moses and said to him, ‘This you may eat and this you may not eat’. But does not the second teacher also require this word for the exposition of the Tanna of the school of R. Ishmael? — Indeed, he does. Where then is it indicated [in the Torah] that a trefah animal can continue to live? — It is indicated in the exposition of another verse also by a Tanna of the school of R. Ishmael. For a Tanna of the school of R. Ishmael expounded: It is written: Between the living thing that may be eaten and the living thing that may not be eaten;17 here are indicated the eighteen defects [which render an animal trefah and] which were communicated to Moses on Mount Sinai. But are there no more?18 But what about Basegar,19 and the seven statements [reported by the Amoraim]? slaughtering should be valid. from the Gemara, although he arrives at the same conclusions by logical argument. text book on animal anatomy. The following works are recommended: Bailliere's Atlas of the Ox, S. Sisson, The anatomy of the Domestic Animals (an excellent and most comprehensive work), I. L. Katzenelsohn, Ha-Talmud we-Hokmath ha-Refuah (in Hebrew, a brilliant study of the anatomy and medicine in the Talmud in the light of modern knowledge), J. Preeus, Biblisch Talmudische Medizin, O. Charnock Bradley, The Structure of the Fowl. caused by a fracture of the spine. Reticulum, ,uxufv ,hc, thence into the Omasum, xxnv, and finally into the stomach proper or the Abomasum, vche. prey whereby poison is discharged and enters the body of the victim’. follow, thus: c from vnvc, x from iurxj, d from vsukd, and r from v,urj.