Chullin

to be smoothed, or adorned with designs, or planed, or trimmed round,1 or hammered out. Whatever still lacks the base or the rim or the handle, cannot be rendered unclean, but whatever only requires the lid can be rendered unclean. Why is there a difference between the one and the other?2 — R. Johanan said: Because these [metal vessels] are made for occasions of honour.3 R. Nahman said: Because they are expensive,4 What practical difference is there between them? — Bone vessels.5 And indeed R. Nahman is consistent in his view, for R. Nahman said: Bone vessels are regarded on the same footing as metal vessels. It appears then that bone vessels can be rendered unclean!6 — It is so; for it was taught: R. Ishmael, the son of R. Johanan b. Beroka says. What does the following verse teach us: And everything made from goats . . . ye shall purify?7 To include anything made from goats, either from the horns or from the hoofs. And whence do we know [that articles made from the horns or the hoofs] of other animals or beasts [are included]? From the words, ‘And everything made’. Why, then, is it written: ‘From goats’? To exclude [articles made from] birds.8 MISHNAH. WHEN BITTER ALMONDS ARE SUBJECT TO TITHING SWEET ALMONDS ARE EXEMPT, AND WHEN SWEET ALMONDS ARE SUBJECT TO TITHING BITTER ALMONDS ARE EXEMPT. GEMARA. Our Rabbis taught: Small bitter almonds are subject to tithing, but the large are exempt;9 large sweet almonds are subject to tithing, but the small are exempt.10 R. Ishmael b. R. Jose says in the name of his father: Both11 are exempt. Others have the reading: Both12 are subject to tithing. R. Ila'a said that R. Hanina ruled in Sepphoris in accordance with the view of him who maintains that both are exempt. But according to him who maintains that both are subject to tithing [it will be asked]: What use can be made of large bitter almonds? — R. Johanan answered: They can surely be sweetened by [roasting in] the fire! MISHNAH. TAMAD13 BEFORE IT HAS FERMENTED MAY NOT BE BOUGHT WITH SECOND TITHE MONEY14 AND RENDERS A MIKWEH INVALID;15 AFTER IT HAS FERMENTED IT MAY BE BOUGHT WITH SECOND TITHE MONEY AND DOES NOT RENDER A MIKWEH INVALID.16 BROTHERS WHO ARE PARTNERS [IN THEIR INHERITANCE], WHEN THEY ARE LIABLE TO PAY THE AGIO,17 ARE EXEMPT FROM THE CATTLE TITHE,18 AND WHEN THEY ARE LIABLE TO THE CATTLE TITHE,19 THEY ARE EXEMPT FROM THE AGIO.20 GEMARA. Who is the author of our Mishnah? It is neither R. Judah nor the Rabbis! For we have learnt: If a man made Tamad putting in a certain measure of water, and he subsequently found the same measure of liquid, he is exempt from tithing it.21 R. Judah however, makes him liable.22 Now who is the author [of our Mishnah]?23 If the Rabbis, then even though it has fermented [it should not be purchasable with Second Tithe money], and if R. Judah, then even though it has not fermented at all [it should be purchasable with Second Tithe money]! — R. Nahman said, in the name of Rabbah b. Abbuha, adorn with figures’. absolutely finished in all detail and decoration. unfinished bone vessels can be rendered unclean, but according to R. Nahman they cannot. does not apply. small bitter ones before they are fully ripened are edible and so subject to tithing. the meaning is: Bitter almonds both large and small are exempt from tithing. the meaning is: Bitter almonds both large and small are subject to tithing. lees of wine. ‘Er. 27b. rainwater, but not with waters which have been drawn from the rlver into vessels. An admixture of three logs or more of drawn water into a mikweh which does not contain the requisite amount of water (i.e., 40 se'ah) renders the mikweh invalid for all time. But an admixture of wine into a mikweh does not render it invalid. half-shekel to the Temple in order to compensate the Temple Treasury for the loss it might sustain on exchanging the half-shekel for other coinage. It was not permissible for two people to evade this additional payment by combining and paying one shekel between them. On the other hand, this law of agio was relaxed in favour of a person who paid the half-shekel on behalf of another by way of gift to that other person; and therefore, if a father paid a whole shekel on behalf of his two sons by way of gift to them, he was not liable to pay any agio at all. In the case of our Mishnah the circumstances are that the brothers had divided the inheritance on the death of their father and subsequently entered into partnership; consequently each one must pay the agio when contributing his half-shekel even though they pay one whole shekel jointly, in the same way as when two people pay together one whole shekel. to the tithe, for it is deemed in law to be the deceased father's stock. as a payment made by a father by way of gift in respect of his two sons, and in these circumstances they are exempt from the agio. V. p. 128, n. 7. V. Ma'as. V, 6. It is assumed for the present that such considerations, as to whether the mixture has fermented or not, are of no consequence. as the quantity of water that was put in.