Chagigah

R. Ashi said: You may even say that it is permitted [to use] the sides,1 but all that is connected with the back2 is as the back.3 MISHNAH; BETH SHAMMAI SAY: PEACE-OFFERINGS4 MAY BE BROUGHT [ON THE FESTIVAL-DAY],5 AND THE HANDS NOT LAID THEREON;6 BUT NOT BURNT-OFFERINGS!7 AND BETH HILLEL SAY: BOTH PEACE-OFFERINGS AND BURNT-OFFERINGS MAY BE BROUGHT,8 AND THE HANDS LAID THEREON. IF THE FESTIVAL OF WEEKS9 FELL ON A FRIDAY,10 BETH SHAMMAI SAY: THE DAY FOR SLAUGHTER11 , IS AFTER THE SABBATH. AND BETH HILLEL SAY: THE DAY FOR SLAUGHTER IS NOT AFTER THE SABBATH.12 THEY AGREE, HOWEVER, THAT IF IT FALL ON THE SABBATH, THE DAY FOR SLAUGHTER IS AFTER THE SABBATH.13 THE HIGH PRIEST DOES NOT [IN THAT CASE] PUT ON HIS [SPECIAL] ROBES,14 AND MOURNING15 AND FASTING16 ARE PERMITTED, IN ORDER NOT TO CONFIRM THE VIEW OF THOSE WHO SAY THAT THE FESTIVAL OF WEEKS [INVARIABLY] FOLLOWS THE SABBATH.17 GEMARA. R. Eleazar said that R. Oshaia said: Whence is it to be deduced that [the offerings of] the Feast of Weeks can be made good throughout seven days? It is said: On the Feast of Unleavened Bread, and on the Feast of Weeks, and on the Feast of Tabernacles;18 thus [Scripture] compares the Feast of Weeks with the Feast of Unleavened Bread: just as [the offerings of] the Feast of Unleavened Bread can be made good throughout seven days,19 so too [the offerings of] the Feast of Weeks can be made good throughout seven days. But let me say that [Scripture] compares [the Feast of Weeks] to the Feast of Tabernacles; just as [the offerings of] the Feast of Tabernacles can be made good throughout eight days, so too [the offerings of] the Feast of Weeks can be made good throughout eight days! — The eighth day is a festival by itself.20 [But] is not21 the statement that the eighth is a festival true only in regard to22 the Balloting [by the watches],23 [the recital of the benediction of] the Season,24 [the name of] the Festival,25 [the prescribed number of] Sacrifices,26 the [Temple] Song,27 and the Blessing;28 but regarding the making good [of the offerings] it makes good for the first [day of Tabernacles].29 For we have learnt: He who did not bring his festal offering on the first festival day of the Feast, may bring it during the whole of the Festival even on the last festival day!30 If you take hold of much, you do not hold it; but if you take hold of a little, you hold it.31 For what legal instruction, then, did the Divine Law write [again here] the Feast of Tabernacles?32 — To compare it with the Feast of Unleavened Bread: just as the Feast of Unleavened Bread requires [the pilgrim] to stay the night [in Jerusalem], So too, the Feast of Tabernacles requires [the pilgrim] to stay the night.33 And whence do we deduce it in the case of the former? shows here that the conclusion cannot be drawn from R. Johanan's statement (Tosaf.). place of our passage, whereas here it is introduced only incidentally. The fuller discussion on the Mishnah found in Bez. further tends to show that the latter tractate was complete before Hag. (Tosaf.). immediately upon the laying on of the hands, the latter rite could be performed on the eve of the Festival, and the former on the Festival-day itself. deduced that only food for human needs could be prepared on the Festival, but not altar-food. Since burnt-offerings were wholly consumed on the altar and no part reserved for human consumption (as in the case of the sacrifices), they could not, according to the Shammaite view, be brought by individuals. The statutory public burnt-offerings, however, were permitted. day and a fortiori on the Sabbath; hence the offering was postponed till Sunday, for the Pentecost sacrifices could be offered throughout seven days in the same way as the Passover and Sukkoth offerings (v. pp. 111f and cf.pp.43f). 6. would see the High Priest in his ordinary clothes, they would realize that the day was not, as the Sadducees maintained (v. infra, n. 5) a holy day. But Tosaf. argues that the reference is to the High Priest's eight sacerdotal vestments, which he wore on Festivals when he would officiate at the Temple service (v. Yoma VII, 5)’ and adduces the J.T. in support of this view. Pentecost must always fall on a Sunday, for it is written: ‘And ye shalt count unto you from the morrow after the Sabbath . . . even unto the morrow after the seventh week shall ye number fifty days’ (Lev. XXIII, 15-16). But the Pharisees explained the word ‘Sabbath’ to mean ‘day of rest’, i.e., ‘holy day’ (cf. Lev. XXIII, 32, 39; Ibn Ezra to v. 11 (ibid.) and Men. 65a), and referred it to the first festival day of Passover. This same controversy formed part of the dispute between the Rabbanites and the Karaites some eight hundred years later. of the initials of the Hebrew words; v. fol. nn. priests present; cf. Yoma II, 1f. Throughout the seven days of Sukkoth, the public sacrifices were offered up by the priest-watches according to rota; but on the eighth day the offerings were allotted by ballot. (V. Suk. 55b). the return of the festival season, viz., ‘Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who hast kept us alive, sustained us, and enabled us to reach this season’. The recital of this blessing on the eighth day of Sukkoth distinguishes it as an independent festival from the other days of Tabernacles. On the last day of Passover, on the other hand, it is not said, because the seventh day is regarded as an integral part of the Feast of unleavened Bread. V. also n. 6. Rashi: It is a distinct festival in as much as it enjoys a special name, viz., Shemini ‘Azereth and not Sukkoth. R. Tam: It is a separate festival in the sense that it requires the pilgrim to spend the night following its termination in Jerusalem (Suk. 47a). R. Hananel: It is a separate festival in regard to the thirty days of semi-mourning for the dead. If the period of mourning began on the eve of Sukkoth, it is able to annul seven days out of the thirty in addition to the fourteen cancelled by the end of the first seven days of Tabernacles (cf. M.K. 24a). Psalms allocated for the different weekdays of Tabernacles were not completed each day but spread over two days (v. Suk. 55a), on the eighth day the psalm was completed. according to R. Tam (l.c.) this refers to the special mention of Shemini ‘Azereth in the Grace after meals and in the ‘Amidah (v. Glos.); cf. Suk. 47a. till the eighth day, they may still be offered up then. question (p. 111). Why not compare Pentecost with Sukkoth instead of Passover, still stands. our case, with two possibilities, one greater than the other, the smaller should be chosen for safety, for it is bound to be right in so far as it is included in the greater: thus we cannot go wrong by comparing Pentecost with the seven days of Passover, but we may err in comparing it with the eight of Tabernacles. For the proverb cf. ‘every one who adds, lessens’ (Talmud) and the French, ‘qui trop embrasse mal etreint’. rule that nothing in the Torah is redundant.