Beitzah

‘Court’, to reject the opinion of R. Jacob, for we have learnt: If one was carrying figs into his court for drying, his children and the members of his household may eat of them a light meal and are exempt [from tithes]; and with respect to this, it was taught: R. Jacob makes him liable for tithing and R. Jose son of R. Judah exempts [him]. ‘Terumah’, to reject the opinion of R. Eliezer; for we have learnt: If one separated terumah from fruits before they were completely ready [for tithing] R. Eliezer forbids a light meal to be made of it, but the Sages permit.1 ‘Purchasing’ , as it was taught: If one bought figs from an ‘am ha-arez2 in a district where the majority of the people press [them], he may eat thereof a light meal and he tithes them as demai.3 Infer from this three things; infer from this [that] ‘purchasing’ establishes liability only where it was completely ready [for tithing]; infer from this also [that] the majority of the ‘amme ha-arez do tithe [their produce]; and [further] infer from this [that] one should tithe the demai of an ‘am ha-arez even of a commodity whose preparation has not yet been completed. And it4 is to reject that which we have learnt: If one exchanges fruit with his neighbour, the one intending to eat them [as they are] and the other intending to eat them, or the one intending to dry them and the other intending to dry them, or the one intending to eat them and the other intending to dry them, they are both liable.5 R. Judah says: He who intends eating it is liable,6 but he who intends drying it is exempt.7 MISHNAH. ONE MAY LET DOWN FRUIT8 THROUGH A TRAP-DOOR ON A FESTIVAL BUT NOT ON A SABBATH, AND COVER UP FRUIT WITH VESSELS ON ACCOUNT OF THE RAIN; AND LIKEWISE JARS OF WINE AND JARS OF OIL; AND [EVEN] ON A SABBATH ONE MAY PLACE A VESSEL BENEATH THE DROPS OF RAIN. GEMARA. It was stated: Rab Judah and R. Nathan [dispute]; one recites MASHILLIN9 and the other teaches MASHHILLIN. Said Mar Zutra: The one that recites MASHILLIN does not teach wrongly and the other who recites MASHHILLIN does not teach wrongly. The one that recites MASHILLIN does not teach wrongly for it is written, For thine olives shall drop off, [yishshal];10 and the other who recites MASHHILLIN does not teach wrongly for we have learnt: [If the firstling is a] shahol or a kasol [it may be slaughtered]; ‘shahol’ [means an animal] whose hip has become dislocated11 and ‘kasol’ [means an animal] one of whose hips is higher than the other.12 R. Nahman b. Isaac said: The One that recites MASHIRIN does not teach wrongly and the one that recites MASHHIRIN does not teach wrongly, and the one that recites MANSHIRIN does not teach wrongly. The one that recites MASHIRIN does not teach wrongly, for we have learnt: R. Ishmael says: A Nazirite may not shampoo his head with clay because it makes the hair fall out [mashir];13 and the one that recites MASHHIRIN does not teach wrongly, for we have learnt: The hair-clip [shahor] and the barber's scissors are susceptible to defilement even though they [the two parts] are separated;14 and the one that recites MANSHIRIN does not teach wrongly, for we have learnt: If one's clothes fell [nashru] in the water [on a Sabbath], he may walk in them without fear.15 Alternatively, from the following teaching: What is leket?16 That which was let fall [nashar] at the time of harvesting.17 We have learnt: YOU MAY LET DOWN FRUIT THROUGH A TRAPDOOR ON A FESTIVAL? How much?18 — Said R. Zera in the name of R. Assi — some say, R. Assi said in the name of R. Johanan: Like that which we have learnt: One may clear away [on Sabbath as much as] four or five bundles of straw or grain19 on account of guests or to avoid disturbance of study.20 But perhaps it is different there where study would [otherwise] be disturbed, but here where there is no disturbance of study it is not so!21 Or perhaps there [as many as] four or five bundles are allowed [to be cleared away] because the Sabbath is stringent and [people] will not come to treat it lightly, but on a Festival, which is less stringent and people might come to treat it lightly, he may not [move any at all]! Or [argue] in the reverse: There [only four or five are allowed] because no monetary loss is involved, but here where monetary loss is involved22 even more is allowed! apart by the vendor before selling. completely ready. cause to fall’.