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סוכה 29
Soncino English Talmud · Berean Standard Bible
As was the case of Raba b. Hama when he was standing before R. Hisda, [first] they ran over the Gemara together, and then they investigated the reasons. Raba said, Drinking vessels may be kept in the Sukkah, eating utensils [must be taken] outside the Sukkah. Earthenware pitchers and wooden pails [must be kept] outside the Sukkah. A lamp [may be kept] within the Sukkah, while some say [that it must be kept] outside the Sukkah; but there is no difference of opinion between them, the former referring to a large Sukkah and the latter to a small one. IF RAIN FELL. A Tanna taught, When a porridge of beans would become spoilt. Abaye was seated before R. Joseph in a Sukkah. The wind blew and brought down chips [into the food]. R. Joseph said to them, ‘Remove the vessels for me hence’ — Abaye said to him, ‘But have we not learnt, WHEN THE PORRIDGE WOULD BECOME SPOILT?’ He answered him, ‘For me, who am fastidious, this is like the porridge becoming spoilt’. Our Rabbis taught, If he was eating in the Sukkah, and rain fell, and he left [the Sukkah], he need not trouble to return there until he has finished his meal. If he was sleeping in the Sukkah and rain fell and he left, he need not trouble to return until it is dawn. They asked them, [Is the reading] sheye'or or sheye'or? — Come and hear, [It has been taught,] ‘Until sheye'or and the morning star appear’. [Now how are the] two [to be reconciled]? Consequently you must read, Until sheye'or and the morning star appear. THEY PROPOUNDED A PARABLE. TO WHAT CAN THIS BE COMPARED. They asked them, Who POURED upon whom? Come and hear: For it has been taught: The master poured the pitcher over his face and said, ‘I have no desire for your service Our Rabbis taught, When the sun is in eclipse, it is a bad omen for the whole world. This may be illustrated by a parable. To what can this be compared? To a human being who made a banquet for his servants and put up for them a lamp. When he became wroth with them he said to his servant, ‘Take away the lamp from them, and let them sit in the dark’. It was taught: R. Meir said, Whenever the luminaries are in eclipse, it is a bad omen for Israel since they are inured to blows. This may be compared to a school teacher who comes to school with a strap in his hand. Who becomes apprehensive? He who is accustomed to be daily punished. Our Rabbis taught, When the sun is in eclipse it is a bad omen for idolaters; when the moon is in eclipse, it is a bad omen for Israel, since Israel reckons by the moon and idolaters by the sun. If it is in eclipse in the east, it is a bad omen for those who dwell in the east; if in the west, it is a bad omen for those who dwell in the west; if in the midst of heaven it is bad omen for the whole world. If its face is red as blood, [it is a sign that] the sword is coming to the world; if it is like sack-cloth, the arrows of famine are coming to the world; if it resembles both, the sword and the arrows of famine are coming to the world. If the eclipse is at sunset calamity will tarry in its coming; if at dawn, it hastens on its way: but some say the order is to be reversed. And there is no nation which is smitten that its gods are not smitten together with it, as it is said, And against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments. But when Israel fulfil the will of the Omnipresent, they need have no fear of all these [omens] as it is said, Thus saith the Lord,’ Learn not the way of the nations, and be not dismayed at the signs of heaven, for the nations are dismayed at them, the idolaters will be dismayed, but Israel will not be dismayed. Our Rabbis taught, On account of four things is the sun in eclipse: On account of an Ab Beth din who died and was not mourned fittingly; on account of a betrothed maiden who cried out aloud in the city and there was none to save her; on account of sodomy, and on account of two brothers whose blood was shed at the same time. And on account of four things are the luminaries in eclipse: On account of those who perpetrate forgeries, on account of those who give false witness; on account of those who rear small cattle in the land of Israel; and on account of those who cut down good trees. And on account of four things is the property of householders given into the hands of the government: On account of those who retain in their possession bills which have been paid; on account of those who lend money on usury;
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on account of those who had the power to protest [against wrongdoing] and did not protest; and on account of those who publicly declare their intention to give specified sums for charity and do not give. Rab said, On account of four things is the property of householders confiscated by the state treasury: On account of those who defer payment of the labourer's hire; on account of those who withhold the hired labourer's wages; on account of those who remove the yoke from off their necks and place it on [the necks] of their fellows and on account of arrogance. And the sin of arrogance is equivalent to all [the others] whereas of the humble it is written, But the humble shall inherit the land, and delight themselves in the abundance of peace. C H A P T E R III MISHNAH. A STOLEN OR A WITHERED PALM-BRANCH IS INVALID. ONE [THAT CAME] FROM AN ASHERAH OR FROM A CONDEMNED CITY, IS INVALID. IF ITS TOP WAS BROKEN OFF OR ITS LEAVES WERE DETACHED, IT IS INVALID. IF ITS LEAVES ARE MERELY SPREAD APART IT IS VALID. R. JUDAH SAYS, HE SHOULD TIE THEM UP AT THE TOP. THE THORN-PALMS OF THE IRON MOUNTAIN ARE VALID. A PALM-BRANCH WHICH IS THREE HANDBREADTHS IN LENGTH, LONG ENOUGH TO WAVE, IS VALID. GEMARA. [The Tanna] categorically teaches [that the PALMBRANCH IS INVALID] irrespective of whether [it is to be used] on the first day of the Festival or on the second day. Now this is right as regards a withered palm since we must have [a branch that is] ‘goodly’ which this one is not; but with regard to a stolen one, the law is quite right as far as the first day of the Festival is concerned, since it is written, ‘to you’ [which implies that it shall be] of your own, but why should it not be allowed on the second day? — R. Johanan answered in the name of R. Simeon b. Yohai,
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